Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations

Description:

 

Since the first edition of this book was published, much new knowledge has been gained on hemangiomas and vascular malformations. This revised and updated second edition, written by worldwide leaders in the field, fully reflects this progress. Important improvements in the treatment of hemangiomas are reviewed, including the use of beta-blockers and other medical therapies as well as advances in interventional treatments and the treatment of hemangiomas in specific locations. Vascular malformations are being investigated with increasing frequency all over the world and new challenges are emerging regarding both diagnosis and treatment. This edition considers the current role of the full range of diagnostic imaging techniques –magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, nuclear medicine techniques, angiography, and phlebography. The various treatment options, including laser, interventional radiological, and surgical techniques, are then presented in detail. A further individual section is devoted to the study and treatment of lymphatic malformations and dysplasias, and a series of chapters also focus on problems in the treatment of malformations in particular locations, including the thorax and viscera. This book, in atlas format, is exceptional in providing clinically relevant information on the diagnosis and treatment of both hemangiomas and vascular malformations. It will appeal to all professionals who encounter these conditions in their daily clinical practice.

 

 

Table of Contents:

 

Contributors

Part I: Introduction and General Overview

1: Vascular Embryology

Introduction

Focus on the Human Circulatory System

General Schedule for the Development of Embryonic Blood Vessels

Formation of “Primary Vascular Plexuses” and “Primary Plexiform Vascular Channels”

Remodeling of Primary Vascular Plexuses into Hierarchically Arranged Vascular Circuits

Vessel Wall Maturation

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Blood Vascular Development

Vasculogenesis

Angiogenesis

Sprouting

Interaction of Tip Cells and Stalk Cells

Intussusceptive Microvascular Growth

Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Remodeling of the Blood Vascular System: Arteriogenesis and Venogenesis

Mechanisms of Lymphatic Vascular Development (Lymphangiogenesis)

Structure and Function of Lymphatics

Formation of Lymph Sacs and Primary Lymphatic Vessels

Molecular Control of Lymphangiogenesis

Development of Lymphatic Collectors and Valves

Maturation of Lymphatic Vessels

References

2: Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations

Introduction

Infantile Hemangioma

Vascular Malformations

Capillary Malformation (CM)

Capillary Malformation-�Arteriovenous Malformation (CM-AVM)

Isolated and Syndromic Sporadic Capillary Malformations

Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM)

Venous Anomalies

Glomuvenous Malformation (GVM)

Venous Malformation (VM)

Cutaneomucosal Venous Malformation (VMCM)

Sporadic Venous Malformation (VM)

Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome (BRBN)

Lymphatic Malformations (LM)

Lymphedema

Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT)

Overgrowth Syndromes

Concluding Remarks

References

3: Historical Background

References

4: Coagulation Disorders Associated with Vascular Anomalies

Introduction

Coagulation (Fig. 4.1)

KMP and Vascular Tumors

Introduction

Epidemiology and Predisposing Factors

Clinical Features

Laboratory Features and Pathogenesis (Fig. 4.1)

Treatment

Multifocal Lymphangioendotheliomatosis with Thrombocytopenia (MLT)

Introduction

Clinical and Histologic Features

Laboratory Findings and Pathogenesis

Treatment

Localized Intravascular Coagulopathy (LIC) and Venous Malformations (VMs)

Clinical and Laboratory Features

Evolution

Pathogenesis

Treatment

Conclusion

References

Part II: Hemangiomas and Vascular Tumors

5: Hemangiomas of Infancy: Epidemiology

References

6: Classification of Vascular Tumors

Hemangioma of Infancy/Infantile Hemangioma (IH)

Congenital Hemangioma (CH)

Tufted Angioma (TA)

Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma (KHE)

Spindle Cell Hemangioma (SCH)

Pyogenic Granuloma (PG)

Retiform Hemangioendothelioma (RH)

Papillary Intralymphatic Angioendothelioma (PILA, Dabska Tumor)

Composite Hemangioendothelioma

Kaposi Sarcoma

Angiosarcoma

Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma (EHE)

References

7: Hemangiomas: Clinical Picture

Complications

Ulceration

Visual Compromise

Airway Hemangiomas

Multifocal Hemangiomas

Hemangiomas and Associated Structural Anomalies

Differential Diagnosis

References

8: Diagnosis of Hemangiomas

References

9: Diagnostics of Infantile Hemangiomas Including Visceral Hemangioma

Differential Diagnostic

Congenital hemangiomas

Hemangioendotheliomas

Others Tumors

Conclusion

References

10: Principles of Treatment of Hemangiomas

Spontaneous Course

Induction of Regression

Local Procedures

Mechanical Procedures

Embolization

Physical Procedures

X-Ray Therapy

Cryotherapy

Laser Therapy

Chemical Procedures

Sclerotherapy

Topical Pharmacotherapy

Systemic Procedures

Antiproliferative Drugs

Antiangiogenesis

Removal

References

11: Propanolol and Beta-Blockers in the Medical Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas

Summary

Oral Beta-Blockers

Propranolol

Other Beta-Blockers

Topical Beta-Blockers

References

12: Other Medical Treatments for Infantile Hemangioma and Congenital Vascular Tumors

Corticosteroids

Vincristine

Interferon

Cyclophosphamide

Rapamycin

References

13: Laser Treatment of Hemangiomas

Introduction

Superselective Laser Systems

Flashlamp-Pumped Pulsed Dye Laser (“FPDL Laser”)

Frequency-Doubled Nd:YAG Laser (“KTP”)

Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser

Continuous Wave (cw-Nd:YAG) Lasers

Transcutaneous Direct Application

Transcutaneous Application with Fluid Cooling Cuvette

Transcutaneous Application with Continuous Ice Cube Cooling

Impression Technique

Interstitial Puncture Technique

Endoscopy

References

14: Surgery of Hemangiomas

Summary

Introduction

Indications and Timing for Surgical Treatment

Techniques

Postoperative Care

Conclusions

References

15: Treatment of Hemangiomas by Embolization

Disadvantages of Therapeutic Embolization in Infancy

Current Indications for Embolization of Hemangiomas and Other Vascular Tumors in Infancy

Embolization Techniques

Summary

References

16: Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas of the Head and Neck

Paranasal Hemangiomas

References

17: Treatment of Visceral Hemangiomas

Thoracic Hemangiomas

Abdominal Hemangiomas

References

18: Treatment of Genital Infantile Hemangiomas

Diagnosis

Complications

Prevention and Therapy

References

19: Management of Syndromes Related to Infantile Hemangiomas

Introduction

PHACE Syndrome

LUMBAR/PELVIS/SACRAL Syndrome

Diffuse Neonatal Hemangiomatosis

Conclusion

References

Part III: Vascular Malformations

20: Epidemiology of Vascular Malformations

Incidence and Prevalence

References

21: Histology of Vascular Malformations

Introduction

Histology

Cutaneous Capillary/Venulocapillary Malformations (Port-Wine Stains)

Clinical

Microscopic Features

Venous Malformations

Clinical

Microscopic Features

Glomuvenous Malformations

Clinical

Microscopic Features

Arteriovenous Malformations

Clinical

Microscopic Features

Lymphatic Malformations

Clinical

Microscopic Features

Combined Venous-Lymphatic Malformations

Microscopic Features

References

22: Classification of Vascular Malformations

Classification

Terminology

References

23: Principles of Diagnostics

Introduction

References

24: Clinical Aspects in Vascular Malformations

General Overview

Special Consideration- Combined Form of CVMs

References

25: Dermatological Manifestations of Vascular Malformations

Introduction

Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM)

General Morphology

Associated Findings

Stewart-Bluefarb Syndrome

Venous Malformations (VM)

Truncular Venous Malformations

Extratruncular Venous Malformations

Other Findings

Lymphatic Malformations (LM)

Truncular Lymphatic Malformations

Extratruncular Lymphatic Malformations

Lymphangiectasia

Stewart-Treves Syndrome

Capillary Malformations and Angiokeratomas

Capillary Malformations (CM)

Capillary-Lymphatic Malformations (Angiokeratomas)

Other Conditions

Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita (CMTC)

Phakomatosis Pigmentovascularis

References

26: Ultrasound Diagnostics

Introduction

Steps of the Examination

Technique

Hemodynamic Patterns

Morphology

References

27: Role of MR and CT in Diagnostics

MRI

CT Scan

Venous Malformations

Arteriovenous Malformations

Capillary Malformations

Lymphatic Malformations

References

28: Nuclear Medicine Diagnostics

Introduction

Whole-Body Blood Pool Scintigraphy (WBBPS)

Lymphoscintigraphy

Transarterial Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy (TLPS) (or “Microspheres” Study)

References

29: Imaging of Vascular Malformations

Conventional Radiology

Venography

Arteriography

References

30: Principles of Treatment

Introduction

Truncular CVM

Extratruncular CVM

Support Therapy

Pain

Edema

References

31: Surgical Techniques in Vascular Malformations

Introduction

Surgical Techniques

Conclusion

References

32: Interventional Treatment in AVM

Treatment Methods

Approaches

Material

Microcatheters and Microwires

Embolic Materials

Liquid Embolic Materials

Coils

Indication and Safety Aspects of Embolization Procedures

Endovascular Embolization

Percutaneous Direct Puncture

Results

References

33: Classification of Arteriovenous Malformation and Therapeutic Implication

Introduction

Overview

Therapeutic Implications of the Yakes Classification

Embolic Agents Employed in the Yakes AVM Classification

Summary

References

34: Sclerotherapy in Vascular Malformations with Polidocanol Foam

Introduction

Indications

Sclerosing Agents

Technique of Classic Sclerotherapy

Sclerotherapy with Microfoam

Technique of Treatment with Microfoam in Vascular Malformations

References

35: Laser Treatment in Vascular Malformations

Introduction

Capillary Malformations

Port-Wine Stains (PWS)

Capillary-Lymphatic Malformation

Hyperkeratotic Capillary Malformation

Port-Wine Stains with Associated Vascular Malformations (Neurocutaneous Syndromes or Phakomatoses

Nonfading Telangiectasias

Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita (Van Lohuizen Syndrome)

Osler-Rendu-Weber Syndrome (Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia)

Other Telangiectasias

Lymphatic Malformations

Truncular Lymphatic Malformation Cystic Hygromas

Extratruncular Lymphatic Malformation

Intraluminal (Intracystic) Technique

Microcystic (Solid) Lymphatic Malformation “ITT”

Bare Fiber Contact Vaporization

Endoscopic Coagulation

Venous Malformations

Truncular Venous Malformation

Extratruncular Venous Malformation

Soft Tissue Phlebectasias

Cutaneous/Subcutaneous Malformation

Mucous Membrane Affection

Glomuvenous Malformation (“Glomangioma”)

Arteriovenous Malformations

Truncular Arteriovenous Fistula

Combined Truncular/Extratruncular Arteriovenous Malformation

References

36: Possibilities and Limits of Medical Treatment

Thrombosis and Bleeding

Infections

Medications to Avoid

Nonmedical Conservative Treatment

Future Developments

References

37: Definition and Correlation of Syndromes Related to Congenital Vascular Malformations

Introduction

Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS)

Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS) and Related Syndromes

Parkes Weber Syndrome (PWS)

Servelle-Martorell Syndrome

Cutis Marmorata

Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome

Proteus Syndrome

Gorham-Stout Syndrome

Maffucci Syndrome

Rendu-Osler Disease

Cobb Syndrome

Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc Syndrome

Cloves syndrome

References

Part IV: Treatment of Problems According to Specific Localizations

38: Introduction

39: Surgical Management of Head and Neck Vascular Malformations

Introduction

What Is a Vascular Malformation?

Vascular Malformation and Vascular Tumors

Considerations in Head and Neck Vascular Malformation Treatment

Specific HNVM

Lymphatic Malformations

Venous Malformations

Arteriovenous Malformations

Capillary Malformations

Summary

References

40: Head and Neck Congenital Vascular Malformations: Sclerosis Treatment

Indications

Methods

Complications

Results

References

41: Upper Airway Congenital Vascular Lesions

Scope

Airway Infantile Hemangioma (IH)

Presentation

Management

Airway Lymphatic Malformations

Presentation

Management

Airway Venous Malformations (VMs)

Presentation

Management

Airway Capillary Malformations/Port-Wine Stains

Presentation

Management

Airway Arteriovenous Malformations

References

42: Vascular Malformations of the Orbit

Introduction

Clinical Evaluation

Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)

Diagnosis

Treatment

Carotid-Cavernous Fistula

Diagnosis

Treatment

Venous Malformations

Diagnosis

Treatment

Distensible Venous Malformations

Diagnosis

Treatment

Lymphatic Malformations

Diagnosis

Treatment

Conclusion

References

43: Orthopedic Problems

Diagnostics

MRT

Arthroscopic Diagnosis

Treatment

Progress

Complications

Our Preliminary Results

Orthopedic Therapeutic Aspects of Vascular Malformation

References

44: Treatment of Vascular Malformations in the Hand

Introduction

General Principles of CVM Surgery in the Hand

Skin Incisions

Skin-Sparing Technique

Use of Tourniquet

Microscope

Tissue Involvement: Clinical Pictures and Surgical Treatment

Skin Involvement

Bone Involvement

Nerves

Muscles

Tendons

Results of Surgery

Conclusion

References

45: Thorax Wall

Introduction

Venous Malformations

Lymphatic Malformations

Arteriovenous Malformations

References

46: Vascular Malformations in the Viscera

Introduction

Clinical Aspects

Investigation Modalities

MRI

Nuclear Scintigraphy

Angiography

Endoscopy: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and Colonoscopy

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

Diagnostic Laparoscopy

Venous Malformations of the Viscera

Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome

Clinical Presentation

Investigation

Treatment

Klippel-Trénaunay Syndrome, GI Tract Aspects

Treatment Aspects

Lymphatic Malformations in the Viscera

Clinical Presentation

Investigation and Treatment

Treatment Aspects for Cystic LM in the Viscera

Arteriovenous Malformations, GI Aspects

Clinical Aspects

References

47: Pelvic Vascular Malformations

Introduction

Pelvic Cavity Vascular Malformations

Truncular Anomalies

Venous Extratruncular Malformations

Arteriovenous Malformations

Lymphatic Malformations

Gluteal Vascular Malformations

Venous Malformations

Arteriovenous Malformations

Lymphatic Malformations

References

48: Vascular Malformations of the Limbs: Treatment of Venous and Arteriovenous Malformations

Introduction

Venous Malformations

Truncular Malformations

Extratruncular Venous Defects

Arteriovenous Malformations

Truncular AVM

Extratruncular AVM

References

49: Lymphatic Vascular Malformations of the Limbs: Treatment of Extratruncular Malformations

Introduction

General Principles and Guidelines

Treatment Modalities

OK-432 Sclerotherapy

Ethanol Sclerotherapy

Post-sclerotherapy Care of the Lesion/Patient

Surgical/Excisional Therapy

Prospects

Conclusion

References

50: Veno-lymphatic Vascular Malformations: Medical Therapy

References

51: Lymphatic Truncular Malformations of the Limbs: Surgical Treatment

Introduction

Truncular Lymphatic Malformations

General Considerations of the Surgical Treatment of Lymphedema

Clinical Experience and Surgical Techniques

Results

Additional Considerations

New Directions in Surgical Treatments for Peripheral Lymphedemas

Concluding Remarks

References

52: Thoracic Duct Dysplasias and Chylous Reflux

Introduction

Remarks on the Thoracic Duct Anatomy

Thoracic Duct Malformations and Related Chylous Reflux Syndromes

Clinical Diagnosis

Therapeutic Procedures

Nonsurgical Procedures

Surgical Procedures

Thoracic Duct Ligation

Surgical/Microsurgical Approaches

Clinical Case Examples

Summary and Conclusion

References

53: Conclusions

Erratum to: Chapters 51 & 52 in Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations

Index

 

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An aparitie	2015
Autor	Raul Mattassi,Dirk A. Loose, Massimo Vaghi
Dimensiuni	18.5 x 2.5 x 25.9 cm
Editura	Springer
Format	Hardback
ISBN	9788847056725
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	485