Textbook for Orthodontic Therapists

 

Description:

Textbook for Orthodontic Therapists is a comprehensive text specifically designed for orthodontic therapists. Written in an accessible and digestible format, it provides the essential clinical and theoretical knowledge needed for daily clinical practice.

Covering learning outcomes required by the examining bodies and the General Dental Council (GDC), it includes topics such as common types of orthodontic appliances, frequently found orthodontic problems, skeletal assessment and classification of malocclusion. It also contains information on subjects relevant to the dental profession for example medical emergencies, clinical governance and more.

Written to help the reader understand the role and function of an orthodontic therapist, Textbook for Orthodontic Therapists offers support to those undertaking the Diploma in Orthodontic Therapy and to assist those who already work as orthodontic therapists, helping them in their quest to enhance safe and effective care.

 

 

Table of Contents:

 

1 History of Orthodontics

1.1 Orthodontics before the Twenty‐First Century

1.2 Standard Edgewise Appliance

1.3 Begg Appliance

1.4 Preadjusted Edgewise Appliance

1.5 Tip Edge Appliance

1.6 Self‐ligating Appliance

1.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of all Types of Buccal Appliances

1.8 Lingual Appliances

2 Patient Assessment

2.1 The Three Planes of Space

2.2 Extra‐Oral Assessment

2.3 Intra‐Oral Assessment

3 Classification of Malocclusion

3.1 Angle’s Classification

3.2 British Standards Institute Classification

3.3 Canine Relationship

3.4 Andrew’s Six Keys

4 Aetiology of Malocclusion

4.1 Skeletal Factors

4.2 Soft Tissue Factors

4.3 Local Factors

4.4 Habit

4.5 Fraenal Attachments

5 Class I Malocclusion

5.1 Definition

5.2 Prevalence

5.3 Aetiology of Class I

5.4 Treatment of Class I

6 Class II Div I Malocclusion

6.1 Definition

6.2 Prevalence

6.3 Aetiology of Class II Div I

6.4 Treatment of a Class II Div I

7 Class II Div II Malocclusion

7.1 Definition

7.2 Prevalence

7.3 Aetiology of Class II Div II

7.4 Treatment of Class II Div II

8 Class III Malocclusion

8.1 Definition

8.2 Prevalence

8.3 Aetiology of Class III

8.4 Treatment

9 Prevalences

10 Hypodontia

10.1 Definition

10.2 Commonly Missing Teeth

10.3 Prevalence of Hypodontia

10.4 Prevalence of Missing Teeth

10.5 Classifying Hypodontia

10.6 Classifying Missing Teeth as a Whole

10.7 Aetiology of Hypodontia

10.8 Medical Conditions Associated with Hypodontia

10.9 Factors Associated with Hypodontia

10.10 Treatment of Hypodontia in Deciduous Teeth

10.11 Treatment of Hypodontia in Permanent Teeth

10.12 Implant Space Required

10.13 Kesling Set‐up

11 Supernumeraries

11.1 Definition

11.2 Prevalence of Supernumeraries

11.3 Aetiology of Supernumeraries

11.4 Types of Supernumeraries

11.5 Factors Caused by Supernumerary Teeth

11.6 Clinical Features of Supernumeraries

11.7 Medical Conditions Associated with Supernumeraries

11.8 Management of a Supernumerary

11.9 Types of Supernumeraries

12 Impacted Canines

12.1 Definition

12.2 Prevalence of Maxillary Canines

12.3 Prevalence of Congenitally Missing Upper and Lower Canines

12.4 Development of the Maxillary Canine

12.5 Eruption of Upper and Lower Canines

12.6 Aetiology of Impacted Canine

12.7 Clinical Signs of an Impacted Canine

12.8 Radiographic Signs of an Impacted Canine

12.9 Parallax Technique for Radiographic Assessment of a Canine’s Position

12.10 Management of Lingual/Palatal and Buccal Canines

12.11 Dressings for Open Exposure

12.12 Risks of Impacted Canines

12.13 Position of Impacted Canines

12.14 Ankylosis

13 Impacted Teeth

13.1 Definition

13.2 Common Impacted Teeth

14 Deepbites

14.1 Definition

14.2 Classifying Overbites

14.3 Aetiology of a Deepbite

14.4 Treating Deepbites

14.5 Stability of a Deepbite

15 Openbites: Anterior and Posterior

15.1 Definition of an AOB

15.2 Prevalence of AOBs

15.3 Classification of AOBs

15.4 Aetiology of an AOB

15.5 Treatment of an AOB

15.6 Factors That May Make Stability of an AOB Poor

15.7 Definition of a POB

15.8 Facts about POBs

15.9 Aetiology of an POB

15.10 Treatment of POBs

16 Crossbites

16.1 Definition

16.2 Types of Crossbites

16.3 Prevalence of Crossbites

16.4 Crossbites That Can Occur

16.5 Aetiology of a Crossbite

16.6 Treatment of Crossbites

16.7 Stability of a Crossbite

17 Centreline

17.1 Treatment Options

18 Overjets

18.1 Treatment Options

19 Bimaxillary Proclination

19.1 Definition

19.2 Aetiology

19.3 Relapse

19.4 Retention

20 Growth Rotations

21 Tooth Movement

21.1 Biomechanics of Tooth Movement

21.2 Types of Tooth Movement

21.3 Biology of Tooth Movement

22 Impressions

22.1 Materials Used for Impression Taking

22.2 Technique for Taking an Impression

22.3 Technique for Disinfecting an Impression

23 Study Models

23.1 Production of Study Models

23.2 What Are Study Models Used For?

23.3 Technique for Production of Study Models

24 Radiographs

24.1 When Are Radiographs Taken?

24.2 Types of Radiographs

24.3 Why Do We Take Radiographs?

24.4 Panoramic Radiographs

24.5 Upper Standard Occlusal (USO)

24.6 Parallax Technique

24.7 Periapical Radiographs

24.8 Reasons for Taking Radiographs

24.9 Clinical Justification for Taking Radiographs

24.10 General Principles of Radiation

25 Cephalometrics

25.1 The Cephalostat

25.2 Why Do We Take Cephalometrics?

25.3 When Do We Take a Cephalometric Radiograph?

25.4 Evaluating a Cephalometric Radiograph

25.5 Eastman Analysis

25.6 ANB Angle

25.7 Wits Analysis and Ballard Conversion

25.8 Vertical Skeletal Pattern

25.9 Angulation of the Incisors

25.10 Prognosis Tracing

25.11 A‐Pogonion Line (Apog)

25.12 Cephalometric Errors

26 Removable Appliances

26.1 Indications

26.2 Components

26.3 Active Components

26.4 Retentive Components

26.5 Anchorage

26.6 Baseplate

26.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Removable Appliances

26.8 Stages of Removable Appliances

26.9 Instruments Used on a Removable Appliance

26.10 Fitting of a Removable Appliance

27 Functional Appliances

27.1 Timing of Treatment

27.2 Malocclusion Types

27.3 The End Point

27.4 Ten Key Points of Functional Appliances

27.5 Indications for Treatment

27.6 Mode of Action

27.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Functionals

27.8 Types of Functional Appliances

27.9 Designing a Functional Appliance

27.10 Appointments

28 Fixed Appliances

28.1 Definition

28.2 Indications for Fixed Appliances

28.3 Advantages and Disadvantages

28.4 Tooth Movement Achieved with Fixed Appliances

28.5 Mode of Action

28.6 Components of Fixed Appliances

29 Headgear

29.1 Definition

29.2 Extra‐Oral Anchorage

29.3 Extra‐Oral Traction

29.4 Biomechanics of Headgear

29.5 Types of Headgear

29.6 Components of Headgear

29.7 Headgear Injuries and Preventative Measures

29.8 Reverse Headgear

29.9 Assessment of Wear

29.10 Measuring Force

30 Instructions for all Appliances

30.1 Removable Appliances

30.2 Functional Appliances

30.3 Fixed Appliances

30.4 Cleaning Instructions for the Patient

30.5 Headgear

30.6 Retainers

30.7 Bonded Retainers

31 Uncommon Removable Appliances

31.1 Nudger Appliance

31.2 En Masse Appliance

31.3 ACCO Appliance

31.4 ELSAA

32 Anchorage

32.1 Intra‐oral Anchorage

32.2 Extra‐Oral Anchorage

32.3 What Does Anchorage Depend On?

32.4 Reinforcing Anchorage

32.5 Sources of Anchorage

32.6 Anchorage Loss

33 Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN)

33.1 Dental Health Component

33.2 Aesthetic Component

34 Peer Assessment Rating (PAR)

34.1 Components of PAR

34.2 Assessment of Improvement in PAR

34.3 Who Uses PAR?

35 Space Analysis

35.1 Crowding

35.2 Incisor Antero‐posterior Change

35.3 Levelling Occlusal Curves

35.4 Arch Expansion

35.5 Creating Space

36 Cleft Lip and Palate

36.1 Prevalence of Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate

36.2 Prevalence of Isolated Cleft Palate

36.3 Syndromes Associated with Isolated Cleft Palate

36.4 Aetiology

36.5 Development of CLP

36.6 Classifications of CLP

36.7 Clinical Problems in CLP

36.8 CLP Team

36.9 Management of CLP

36.10 Orthodontic Implications of CLP

37 Orthognathic Surgery

37.1 Definitions

37.2 Indications for Treatment

37.3 Radiographs

37.4 Surgical Procedures

37.5 Sequence of Treatment

37.6 Risks and Benefits

38 Retention and Stability

38.1 Definitions

38.2 Aetiology of Relapse

38.3 How Common Is Relapse?

38.4 Informed Consent for Retention

38.5 Retainers

38.6 Removable Retainers

38.7 Fixed Retainers

38.8 Care of Removable and Fixed Retainers

38.9 Enhancing Stability

38.10 Types of Tooth Movement to Be Retained

38.11 General Advice on Retention

38.12 Five Key Points

38.13 Outcome and Follow‐Up After Debonding

39 Interceptive Treatment

39.1 Definition

39.2 Clinical Interceptive Situations: Early Mixed Dentition

39.3 Clinical Situations: Late Mixed Dentition

39.4 Clinical Situations: Early Permanent Dentition

39.5 Serial Extractions

40 Adult Orthodontics

40.1 Reasons for Adult Orthodontics

40.2 Differences in Treating Adult Patients

40.3 Aesthetic Appliances

41 Orthodontic Materials

41.1 Etch

41.2 Adhesives

41.3 Bonding onto Fillings, Crowns, and Veneers

42 Archwire Ligation

42.1 Definition of Archwire Ligation

42.2 Properties of an Ideal Ligation System

42.3 Methods of Ligation

43 Risks and Benefits of Orthodontic Treatment

43.1 Risks of Orthodontic Treatment

43.2 Benefits of Orthodontic Treatment

44 Oral Hygiene

44.1 Oral Hygiene: Pre‐treatment

44.2 Clinical Features for Good and Bad Oral Hygiene

44.3 Procedure with Patients Presenting with Bad Oral Hygiene

44.4 Procedure with Patients Who Have Improvement in Oral Hygiene

44.5 Oral Hygiene Advice Given at the Fit Appointment

44.6 Preventing Decalcification

44.7 Oral Hygiene Instructions for Appliances

45 Decalcification

45.1 Causes of Decalcification

45.2 Occurrence of Decalcification

45.3 Preventing Decalcification

45.4 Treating Decalcification

46 Fluorosis

46.1 How Can Fluorosis Occur?

46.2 Products That Can Cause Fluorosis

46.3 Treating Fluorosis

46.4 Preventing Fluorosis

47 Fluoride

47.1 Effects of Fluoride

47.2 Toothpaste Ingredients

47.3 Dental Products

47.4 Fluoride Application

47.5 Risks of Fluoride

47.6 Other Causes and Conditions Which Can Affect Enamel Development

48 Hypoplastic Enamel

48.1 Aetiology of Enamel Hypoplasia

49 Hyperplastic Enamel

49.1 Aetiology of Enamel Hyperplasia

50 General Dental Council (GDC)

50.1 Roles of the GDC

50.2 GDC Principles

50.3 Continuing Professional Development

50.4 GDC Register

50.5 Professional Conduct Committee

50.6 Scope of Practice

50.7 Equality and Diversity

51 Sharps Injury

51.1 Measures to Take Following a Sharps Injury

51.2 Investigation of Donor and Recipient

52 Health and Safety

52.1 Employer's Duty

52.2 Employee's Duty

52.3 Policies Within the Dental Practice

52.4 Clinical Environment

53 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)

54 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences (RIDDOR)

55 Consent

55.1 Types of Consent

55.2 Why Do We Obtain Consent?

55.3 When Do We Obtain Consent?

55.4 Who Can Give Consent?

55.5 How Can Consent Be Obtained?

56 Pain and Anxiety Control

56.1 Pain Control

56.2 Anxiety Control

57 Emergency Care

57.1 Clinical Problems

58 Orthodontic Instruments

58.1 Adams Spring‐Forming Pliers

58.2 Adams Universal Pliers

58.3 Weingart Pliers

58.4 Bird Beak Pliers

58.5 Distal End Cutters

58.6 Ligature Cutter

58.7 Posterior Band‐Removing Pliers

58.8 Band Pusher

58.9 Band Seater

58.10 Reverse‐Action Bonding Tweezers

58.11 Torquing Turret

58.12 Bracket‐Removing Pliers

58.13 Nylon Bracket‐Removing Pliers

58.14 Angled Bracket‐Removing Pliers

58.15 Dividers

58.16 Boon Gauge

58.17 Micro Etcher

58.18 Flat Plastic

58.19 Tweed Loop‐Forming Pliers

58.20 Mosquitoes

58.21 Mathieu Needle Holders

58.22 Mauns Heavy‐Duty Wire Cutters

58.23 Mitchell's Trimmer

58.24 Separating Pliers

58.25 Cheek Retractors

58.26 Stainless‐Steel Ruler

58.27 Triple‐Beak Pliers

58.28 Tweeds Straight (Torquing) Pliers

58.29 Tucker

58.30 Photographic Cheek Retractors

58.31 Photo Mirrors

58.32 Slow Handpiece

58.33 Debond Burs

58.34 Moore's Mandrel

58.35 Acrylic Bur

59 Medical Emergencies

59.1 Common Medical Emergencies in the Dental Practice

59.2 Choking Patients

59.3 Cardiac Arrest Patients

60 Eruption Dates

60.1 Deciduous Teeth

61 Extraction Patterns

61.1 Class I Cases

61.2 Class II Cases

61.3 Class III Cases

61.4 Balancing and Compensating Extractions

62 Tooth Fusion and Gemination

62.1 Treatment

63 Extra Notes

64 Definitions

Index

End User License Agreement

 

An aparitie	2 April 2020
Autor	Ceri Davies
Dimensiuni	18.03 x 3.05 x 25.4 cm
Editura	Wiley
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781119565451
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	424