Eureka: Neurology & Neurosurgery, second edition

Eureka: Neurology & Neurosurgery 2e provides everything a student needs to succeed in the subject, prepare for their clinical placements and pass their exams. The book starts with a First principles chapter which clearly explains key concepts and the mechanisms of neurology, from cells and signalling to the autonomic nervous system, and on to special senses. The next chapter describes neurological history-taking and examination. Subsequent chapters cover the major neurological presentations such as increased intracranial pressure, headache and facial pain, seizures and epilepsy, neurovascular disease, neurological tumours and infections, movement disorders, and, neurodegenerative disorders. The book concludes with chapters on neurological emergencies and the integrated care of patients with neurological problems. Key features: an engaging and authoritative style – with everything you need in one place, including the latest management options realistic clinical cases – these show how skilled clinicians work through a presentation, and put disease and biomedical principles into context extensive range of photographs – superb photos show clinical presentations using all imaging modalities and exactly how to demonstrate related clinical signs starter questions – stimulating questions and answers to test your knowledge and highlight the level of detail you need study boxes – these highlight tips, tricks and key learning points Featuring insightful clinical cases, extensive photographs, self-assessment questions and answers, and a wealth of other learning tools, Eureka: Neurology & Neurosurgery 2e will equip you with the core knowledge and skills you need for your exams and clinical placements!

Table of Contents:

1. First principles

1.1. Overview of the nervous system

1.2. Cells and signalling

1.3. Development of the nervous system

1.4. The environment of the brain

1.5. Cerebrum

1.6. Diencephalon

1.7. Brainstem

1.8. Cerebellum

1.9. Vertebral column and spinal cord

1.10. Somatosensory system

1.11. Somatic motor

1.12. Reflexes

1.13. Autonomic nervous system

1.14. Enteric nervous system

1.15. Cranial nerves

1.16. Special senses

1.17. Answers to starter questions

2. Clinical essentials

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Common symptoms and how to take a history

2.3. Common signs and how to examine a patient

2.4. Investigations

2.5. Management options

2.6. Answers to starter questions

3. Increased intracranial pressure and traumatic brain injury

3.1. Introduction

Case 3.1. Headache and vomiting

3.2. Increased intracranial pressure

3.3. Traumatic brain injury

3.4. Extradural haematoma

3.5. Acute subdural haematoma

3.6. Chronic subdural haematoma

3.7. Traumatic intraparenchymal haemorrhage

3.8. Diffuse axonal injury

3.9. Hydrocephalus

3.10. Answers to starter questions

4. Headache and facial pain syndromes

4.1. Introduction

Case 4.1. Headache

Case 4.2. Throbbing headache and reduced vision

4.2. Migraine

4.3. Tension-type headache

4.4. Cluster headache

4.5. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

4.6. Trigeminal neuralgia

4.7. Giant cell arteritis

4.8. Headache of increased intracranial pressure

4.9. Other headache syndromes

4.10. Answers to starter questions

5. Seizures and epilepsy

5.1. Introduction

Case 5.1. Blackout

Case 5.2. Recurrence of seizures

5.2. Seizures and epilepsy

5.3. Answers to starter questions

6. Neurovascular disease

6.1. Introduction

Case 6.1. Blackout

Case 6.2. Sudden-onset weakness

6.2. Ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke

6.3. Transient ischaemic attack

6.4. Cerebral aneurysms

6.5. Arteriovenous malformations

6.6. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

6.7. Cavernous sinus syndromes

6.8. Answers to starter questions

7. Neurological tumours

7.1. Introduction

Case 7.1. Morning headache

7.2. Intracranial tumours: general principles

7.3. Gliomas

7.4. Glioblastoma multiforme

7.5. Meningiomas

7.6. Nerve sheath tumours

7.7. Pituitary tumours

7.8. Metastatic tumours

7.9. Spinal tumours

7.10. Answers to starter questions

8. Neurological infections

8.1. Introduction

Case 8.1. Fever and confusion

8.2. Bacterial meningitis

8.3. Viral meningitis

8.4. Encephalitis

8.5. Brain abscess

8.6. HIV and associated infections

8.7. Tuberculosis

8.8. Spinal infections

8.9. Herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia

8.10. Answers to starter questions

9. Movement disorders

9.1. Introduction

Case 9.1. Tremor

9.2. Parkinson’s disease

9.3. Drug-induced parkinsonism

9.4. Parkinson’s plus syndromes

9.5. Huntington’s disease

9.6. Essential tremor

9.7. Wilson’s disease

9.8. Restless legs syndrome

9.9. Tics

9.10. Answers to starter questions

10. Multiple sclerosis and other central nervous system demyelinating diseases

10.1. Introduction

Case 10.1. Rapid loss of visual acuity in one eye

10.2. Multiple sclerosis

10.3. Other central nervous system demyelinating diseases

10.4. Answers to starter questions

11. Spinal disorders

11.1. Introduction

Case 11.1. Arm pain worsened by coughing

11.2. Spinal syndromes

11.3. Spondylosis

11.4. Myelopathy

11.5. Radiculopathy

11.6. Lumbar spinal stenosis

11.7. Cauda equina syndrome

11.8. Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis

11.9. Syringomyelia

11.10. Spinal cord infarction

11.11. Answers to starter questions

12. Systemic immune disease affecting the nervous system

12.1. Introduction

Case 12.1. Generally feeling unwell with weakness

12.2. Systemic lupus erythematosus

12.3. Sjögren’s syndrome

12.4. Vasculitis and polyarteritis nodosa

12.5. Paraneoplastic syndromes

12.6. Neurosarcoidosis

12.7. Answers to starter questions

13. Motor neurone and genetic neurodegenerative diseases

13.1. Introduction

Case 13.1. Tendency to fall over

13.2. Motor neurone disease

13.3. Spinal muscular atrophy

13.4. Friedreich’s ataxia

13.5. Spinocerebellar ataxia

13.6. Answers to starter questions

14. Dementia

14.1. Introduction

Case 14.1. Change in personality and decline in memory

14.2. Dementia

14.3. Alzheimer’s disease

14.4. Vascular dementia

14.5. Dementia with Lewy bodies

14.6. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration

14.7. Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome

14.8. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

14.9. Answers to starter questions

15. Congenital and hereditary conditions

15.1. Introduction

Case 15.1. Partial seizure

15.2. Cerebral palsy

15.3. Myotonic dystrophy

15.4. Spina bifida

15.5. Hereditary spastic paraplegia

15.6. Neurofibromatosis

15.7. Tuberous sclerosis complex

15.8. Sturge–Weber syndrome

15.9. Answers to starter questions

16. Peripheral neurological disease

16.1. Introduction

Case 16.1. Numbness and tingling in feet

16.2. Peripheral nerve lesions

16.3. Muscular disease

16.4. Neuromuscular junction disease

16.5. Answers to starter questions

17. Emergencies

17.1. Introduction

Case 17.1. Acute-onset severe headache

Case 17.2. Sudden focal neurological deficit

Case 17.3. Injuries from a road traffic accident

Case 17.4. Status epilepticus

Case 17.5. Acute neuromuscular paralysis

Case 17.6. Unconsciousness and coma

Case 17.7. Fever and confusion

Case 17.8. Increased intracranial pressure

Case 17.9. Cauda equina syndrome

18. Integrated care

18.1. Introduction

Case 18.1. Caring for a stroke patient

18.2. Stroke

18.3. Chronic pain

18.4. Long-term support for chronic neurological conditions

18.5. Answers to starter questions

Figure acknowledgements

Index