Cardiovascular Implications of Stress and Depression

Description:

Cardiovascular Implications of Stress and Depression provides an in-depth examination on how exposure to stress influences risk for cardiovascular disease and how depression is associated with this relationship. This authoritative volume examines causal pathways linking stress, depression and cardiovascular disease. In addition, it provides mechanistic insights into how environmental stress can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Current information about mechanistic factors, clinical and epidemiological aspects, and management issues associated with stress/depression are presented. These insights demonstrate how the mechanisms behind chronic stress and depression lead to cardiovascular diseases. In addition, their role in existing diseases (such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes) is explored.

Provides the latest information on how stress leads to depression and how stress/depression interacts to accelerate cardiovascular diseases, including stroke

Delivers insights on how mechanisms of stress/depression affect vasculature

Explores how to best research this topic from human and pre-clinical models

Table of Contents:

Chapter 1: Stress, depression, and cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Basic definitions

Conceptual models linking stress with depression and cardiovascular disease

Mechanisms linking stress with cardiovascular disease

Conclusion

Section 1: Evidence linking stress with depression and cardiovascular disease

Chapter 2: Epidemiological evidence linking stress and depression with CVD

Abstract

Methodological considerations

Stress and cardiovascular disease

Depression and cardiovascular disease

Conclusion

Chapter 3: Translational research from animal models

Abstract

Introduction: The translational value of research with animal models

Animal models and operational definitions of depression

Mechanisms, pathways, and physiological correlates

Concluding remarks

Chapter 4: Intervention research on therapies that aim to treat depression and cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Psychosocial and behavioral interventions

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Collaborative care

Cardiac rehabilitation and exercise

Stress management/relaxation training

Caregiver interventions

Nutritional interventions

Pharmacotherapy

Other pharmacotherapy treatment

Combined behavioral and psychopharmacology interventions

Limitations

Summary of findings and future considerations

Section 2: Mechanisms linking stress and depression with cardiovascular disease

Chapter 5: Autonomic and neuroendocrine response to stress

Abstract

The autonomic nervous system

The neuroendocrine system

Pathological patterns of autonomic nervous and neuroendocrine system functioning

Exposure to stress and allostatic load

Allostatic load and risk for cardiovascular disease

Depression and allostatic load

Summary and conclusions

Chapter 6: Circulatory system alterations under stress

Abstract

Vascular dysfunction

Potential mechanisms leading to vascular dysfunction and remodeling

Adverse effect of stress on the heart

Summary and conclusions

Chapter 7: Human neuroimaging-based connections between stress, cardiovascular disease and depression

Abstract

Introduction

Neuroimaging methods

Cortical responses to stress and the brain regions affected

Cortical responses to stress and CVD

Cortical responses to stress and depression

Therapies and treatments: Effect on brain

Summary

Chapter 8: The role of inflammation and oxidative stress in depression and cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Introduction

Stress as a catalyst for inflammation

Stress as a catalyst for reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation: A role for mitochondrial dysfunction

Inflammation in the pathophysiology of depression

ROS in the pathogenesis of depression

Inflammation in the pathogenesis of CVD

ROS in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease

Inflammation and ROS responses to stress as a mechanism through which stress leads to depression and cardiovascular disease comorbidity

Conclusion

Chapter 9: Social support and stress, depression, and cardiovascular disease

Abstract

The link between stress and social support

The link between depression and social support

The link between social support, biological risk, and cardiovascular disease

Social support as a mediator

Intervention implications

Conclusions

Chapter 10: The influence of health behaviors upon the association between stress and depression and cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Tobacco use

Alcohol use

Physical inactivity

Dietary habits

Overweight and obesity

Medication and medical regimen adherence

Sleep

Summary

Chapter 11: The microbiome-gut-brain axis: The missing link in depression

Abstract

Introduction

The bidirectional microbiome-gut-brain axis

Relationships between stress and the gut microbiome

Relationships between depression and the gut microbiome

Early-life stress and depression

Relationships between cardiovascular disease and the microbiome

Conclusions and future directions

Disclosures

Chapter 12: Future directions and concluding remarks

Abstract

Causal relations among stress, depression, and cardiovascular disease

Mechanisms linking stress with depression and cardiovascular disease

Future research directions

Conclusion

Author index

Subject index