Interventional Cardiology: Principles and Practice , Third Edition

 

Description:

 

Expert guidance from internationally recognized authorities, who provide clear and current updates on all aspects of interventional cardiology. This new edition;

Contains a radically expanded chapter contents list presented in four clear sections; coronary interventions, interventional pharmacology, structural heart interventions, and endovascular therapy

Includes 46 new chapters, including the latest advances in bioresorbable coronary stents, advanced transcatheter aortic valve replacement, MitraClip, new transcatheter mitral valve interventions, and more 

Chapters are templated for rapid referral, beginning with pathophysiological background and relevant pathology, moving to mechanisms of treatment, device description, procedural techniques, follow-up care, and ending with risks, contraindications and complications

Multiple choice questions at the end of each chapter for self-assessment, a total of more than 400 MCQs in the book 

Features 19 procedural videos, hosted on a companion website

 

Table of Contents:

 

PART I: Principles and Techniques

SECTION I: Basic Knowledge

CHAPTER 1: Atherogenesis and Inflammation

Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

Clinical features

Consequences of atherosclerosis

Insights from coronary imaging

The vulnerable plaque

Role of inflammation in the natural history of atherosclerosis

Role of inflammation as vulnerability factor

Serum markers correlated to plaque inflammation

Future challenges in the treatment of vulnerable plaques

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 2: The Essentials of Femoral Vascular Access and Closure

Femoral access

Ultrasound guided femoral access

Femoral access closure

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 3: Radial Artery, Alternative Arm Access, and Related Techniques

Rationale for transradial access

Radial anatomy

Preprocedural considerations

Complications of transradial access

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 4: Optimal Angiographic Views for Coronary Angioplasty

Catheter selection

Coronary intubation

Diagnostic angiography

Lesion‐specific approach

Ventriculography

References

CHAPTER 5: Material Selection

Guide catheter selection

Support

Guidewire selection

Balloon catheters

Conclusions

References

SECTION II: Imaging and Physiology

CHAPTER 6: Physiologic Assessment in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory

Impact of a stenosis upon coronary flow

Fundamentals of practical physiologic assessment

Coronary flow reserve and relative CFR

Hyperemic stenosis resistance and basal stenosis resistance

Fractional flow reserve

Instantaneous wave‐free ratio

Assessment of coronary microvascular function

References

CHAPTER 7: Intravascular Ultrasound and Virtual Histology

Principles of IVUS imaging

Equipment for IVUS examination

Imaging artifacts

Image acquisition and presentation

Normal artery morphology

Quantitative analysis

Qualitative analysis

Comparison of IVUS and angiography

Guidance for stent implantation

Serial IVUS studies of restenosis

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 8: Optical Coherence Tomography, Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy, and Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Molecular Imaging

Optical coherence tomography

OCT system

Normal coronary vessel anatomy

Percutaneous coronary intervention

Near‐infrared spectroscopy

Near‐infrared fluorescence molecular imaging

References

CHAPTER 9: Complementary Imaging Techniques

Coronary MSCT angiography—technique

Coronary MSCT angiography—clinical applications

Recent clinical trials of CT coronary angiography

References

CHAPTER 10: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging

CMR technical concepts

Patient preparation and MRI safety

Applications of CMR

Pericardial disease

Congenital heart disease

Valvular heart disease

Vascular disease

CMR for interventional cardiac procedures

Emerging uses for CMR

Conclusions

References

SECTION III: PCI in Different Clinical Settings

CHAPTER 11: Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Guidelines on the management of stable angina

Indications for coronary angiography

Percutaneous coronary intervention for stable angina

Comparison of percutaneous and surgical revascularization

Recommendations for revascularization in stable angina

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 12: PCI Strategies in Acute Coronary Syndromes without ST Segment Elevation (NSTEACS)

Risk stratification

Invasive versus ischemia‐guided approach

Coronary revascularization in NSTEACS

PCI: adjunctive pharmacologic treatment

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 13: Primary and Rescue PCI in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Elements of Myocardial Conditioning

Primary PCI

Salvage and rescue PCI

Pharmacologic support before and during primary PCI

Myocardial conditioning

References

CHAPTER 14: The Management of Cardiogenic Shock and Hemodynamic Support Devices and Techniques

Definition of shock

Epidemiology

Management of cardiogenic shock

Conclusions

References

SECTION IV: PCI in Different Lesion Types

CHAPTER 15: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Unprotected Left Main

Current evidence for ULMCA revascularization

Current guidelines for ULMCA revascularization

Multidisciplinary assessment and the use of risk scores

Imaging and lesion assessment

Interventional approach

Pharmacotherapy in ULMCA intervention

Hemodynamic support

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 16: Bifurcation Lesion Stenting

Anatomy and function of a coronary bifurcation

Coronary bifurcation: a pro‐atherogenic anatomy

Stent behavior in bifurcations

Coronary bifurcation stenosis

Stenting techniques

Non‐left main and left main stenosis clinical trials

Bifurcation stenting general principles

Provisional side branch stenting strategy

Beginning with SB stenting

Dedicated stent implantation

Bifurcation stenting with bioresorbable stents

Role of imaging in bifurcation stenting

Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

CHAPTER 17: Risk Stratification Approach to Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

Revascularization strategy

Assessment of non‐culprit or intermediate lesion

High risk patients and risk stratification

Revascularization in the era of drug‐eluting stents

Medical therapy

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 18: Chronic Total Coronary Occlusion

Morphology of the occlusion

Indications for treatment

Basic rules of engagement

Guidewire selection and handling

Advanced antegrade recanalization techniques

Antegrade dissection and re‐entry

Retrograde approach

Hybrid approach for intervention of chronic total occlusions

Balloon dilatation

Stent placement

Intravascular ultrasound in CTOs

When to stop a procedure

Complications

References

CHAPTER 19: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Arterial and Vein Grafts

Scope of the problem

Secondary revascularization after CABG surgery: PCI or repeat surgery?

PCI for acute postoperative graft failure

PCI in degenerated saphenous vein grafts

PCI in arterial conduits

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 20: Interventional Approach in Small Vessel, Diffuse, and Tortuous Coronary Artery Disease

Small vessel disease

Diffuse vessel disease

Tortuous vessel disease

References

CHAPTER 21: In‐Stent Restenosis in New Generation DES Era

Definition

Incidence

Clinical presentation

Pathophysiologic mechanisms

Morphologic pattern of DES restenosis

Predictors of DES restenosis

Role of intravascular imaging

Approach to DES restenosis

References

SECTION V: Special Techniques and Complications

CHAPTER 22: Laser, Rotational, and Orbital Coronary Atherectomy

Background

Rotational atherectomy

Excimer laser coronary atherectomy

Orbital atherectomy

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 23: Thrombus‐Containing Lesions

How to deal with thrombus‐containing lesions

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 24: Specialized Balloons in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Cutting and scoring balloons

The Glider balloon in coronary bifurcation lesions

Clearway catheter for intracoronary drug delivery

Flash Ostial dual balloon angioplasty catheter

Drug‐eluting balloons

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 25: Coronary Artery Dissections, Perforations, and the No‐Reflow Phenomenon

Coronary artery dissection

Coronary artery perforation

Classification

The no‐reflow phenomenon

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 26: Access Site Complications

Femoral vascular access complications

Upper extremity vascular access complications

Complications related to vascular closure devices

Complications related to compression devices

References

CHAPTER 27: Renal Insufficiency and the Impact of Contrast Agents

Contrast‐induced acute kidney injury

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 28: Radiation Management in Interventional Cardiology

Measurements of radiation

Radiobiology

Patient radiation management

Staff radiation safety

Specific radiation safety considerations

Pediatric patients

Training and education

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 29: Concepts of Cell Therapy and Myocardial Regeneration

Origin of concept

Myocardial regeneration

Mobilization of stem/progenitor cells

Mechanism of action

Choice of cell type for cardiac cell therapy

Cell therapy following acute myocardial infarction

Cell therapy in chronic ischemic heart disease

National and international task forces

Conclusions

References

SECTION VI: Clinical Trials in Coronary Heart Disease

CHAPTER 30: Statistical Essentials in the Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials

The fundamentals

Trial design: the fundamentals

Additional topics in clinical design and analysis

CHAPTER 31: Historical Perspective of Sirolimus and Paclitaxel‐Eluting Stent Clinical Studies

Initial studies of first‐generation DES

Paclitaxel‐eluting stent

Sirolimus‐eluting stent

Acute myocardial infarction

Multivessel disease

Left main coronary artery disease

Randomized trials, meta‐analyses, and registries

Safety concerns with DES and the introduction of novel generation DES

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 32: Cobalt‐Chromium Everolimus‐Eluting Stents

Material and chemical properties of cobalt‐chromium alloys

Cobalt‐chromium everolimus‐eluting stents: technical overview

Xience stents: clinical trials

References

CHAPTER 33: Platinum‐Chromium Everolimus‐Eluting Stents

Material properties and biomechanics of the platinum‐chromium alloy

Biocompatibility: surface characteristics and resistance to corrosion

Longitudinal stent deformation and the role of stent architecture

Promus Element and Premier EES

Synergy EES

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 34: Bioresorbable Stents

ABSORB bioresorbable vascular scaffold

Intracoronary imaging guidance

Clinically tested bioresorbable vascular scaffolds

References

CHAPTER 35: The Biolimus Stent Family

Biolimus

The Biosensor stent family

The Nobori stent

The Xtent

Evidence from pooled data

References

CHAPTER 36: The Biotronik Stent Family

Cobalt chromium platform

Passive coating

PRO‐Kinetic Energy

Orsiro

Absorbable metal scaffolds

PK Papyrus stent

References

CHAPTER 37: Novel Drug‐Eluting Stent Systems

Metallic platforms

Antiproliferative agents

Polymer coatings and alternative drug release technologies

Future perspectives

Conclusions

References

PART II: Interventional Pharmacology

SECTION I: Fundamentals of Interventional Pharmacology

CHAPTER 38: Basics of Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease

Role of platelets and coagulation factors in thrombus formation

Overview of antiplatelet agents for atherosclerotic diseases

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

PAR‐1 antagonists

Other novel antiplatelet agents

Overview of anticoagulant agents for atherosclerotic diseases

Thrombin inhibitors

Factor Xa inhibitors

Other anticoagulants under clinical development

Conclusions

Disclosures

References

CHAPTER 39: Balance of Ischemia and Bleeding in Selecting Antithrombotic Regimens

Definitions of the most common ischemic and bleeding outcomes

Outcomes after ischemic or bleeding complications

Methods to assess the risk of ischemic and bleeding complications

Pharmacologic strategies to reduce ischemic and bleeding complications

Conclusions and recommendations for clinical practice

References

SECTION II: Pharmacological Agents

CHAPTER 40: Oral Antiplatelet Agents in PCI

Methods

Background

Oral antiplatelet therapy and PCI

Clinical guidelines: oral antiplatelet therapy in PCI

Future perspectives

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 41: Parenteral Anticoagulant Agents in PCI

Heparin

Low molecular weight heparin

Direct thrombin inhibitors

Factor Xa inhibitors

References

CHAPTER 42: Parenteral Antiplatelet Agents in PCI

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors

Cangrelor

References

CHAPTER 43: Role of Parenteral Agents in PCI for Stable Patients

Antiplatelet therapy using glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition

Comparisons between agents

Unfractionated heparin

Low molecular weight heparins

Dalteparin

Fondaparinux

Direct antithrombin agents

Other agents

Intravenous antiplatelet therapy

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 44: Vasoactive and Antiarrhythmic Drugs During PCI

Vasodilators during PCI

Antiarrhythmic drugs in PCI

Peri‐procedural sedation

Which drugs should be discontinued before PCI?

High‐dose statin treatment to reduce the risk of peri‐procedural MI

Vasopressors and inotropes during PCI

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 45: The Optimal Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After PCI

Rationale and evolution behind dual antiplatelet therapy after stent implantation

International guidelines on the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy

Trials behind the guidelines for best evidence‐based clinical practice

Parallels of stent technology evolution and shorter DAPT regimen

High risk patients

DAPT duration in patients in need of surgery

Atrial fibrillation

Future directives

References

CHAPTER 46: Triple Antiplatelet Therapy and Combinations with Oral Anticoagulants After PCI

Methods

Platelet activation and the pathophysiology of arterial thrombosis

Mechanisms of antithrombotic pharmacotherapy

Triple antiplatelet therapy following PCI

Antiplatelet combinations with oral anticoagulants following PCI

Non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants

Achieving improved outcomes following PCI: a role for a third agent?

Triple antithrombotic therapy following PCI with prior indications for OAC

Clinical guidelines: DAPT in combination with OAC in AF

Unanswered questions and future perspectives

Conclusions

References

SECTION III: Pharmacological Testing

CHAPTER 47: Peri‐procedural Platelet Function Testing in Risk Stratification and Clinical Decision Making

Initial evidence for HPR to ADP as a risk factor

HPR cut‐off values defined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis

Randomized trials of platelet function testing

Relation between low on‐treatment platelet reactivity and bleeding: the therapeutic window concept

HPR in patients with STEMI during prasugrel and ticagrelor therapy

Conclusions

Disclosures

References

CHAPTER 48: Genetics and Pharmacogenetics in Interventional Cardiology

Initial focus on human genetics: rare single‐gene disorders

Realm of GWAS: understanding the genetics of common complex disorders

Identification and characterization of genetic risk variants for CAD and MI

Relevance of CAD pathogenesis and clinical manifestations from a genetics perspective

Specific limitations of GWAS and presently identified CAD risk loci

Integration of GWAS findings into future models of disease: systems genetics to identify networks mediating pathogenesis of disease and key regulatory pathways

Pharmacogenomics and interventional cardiology

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 49: Monitoring and Reversal of Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Agents

Anticoagulants

Unfractionated heparin

Low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin)

Pentasaccharides (fondaparinux)

Direct thrombin inhibitors (bivalirudin, argatroban)

Antiplatelets

Aspirin

P2Y12 inhibitors (clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor, cangrelor)

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban)

Conclusions

References

PART III: Hypertension and Structural Heart Disease

SECTION I: Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension

CHAPTER 50: Right Heart Catheterization and Pulmonary Hemodynamics

Balloon flotation catheters

Technique

Pulmonary hemodynamics

Pharmacologic drug testing

CHAPTER 51: Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism

Risk stratification and patient selection

Therapies for acute PE

Medical therapy

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 52: Renal Denervation for Resistant Hypertension

Resistant hypertension

Rationale of targeting the renal sympathetic nervous system

Surgical sympathetic denervation

Percutaneous denervation

The procedure

The future

References

SECTION II: Structural Heart Interventions

CHAPTER 53: Antithrombotic Strategies in Valvular and Structural Heart Disease Interventions

Embolism and thrombosis in valvular and structural transcatheter interventions

Pathophysiology of stroke and systemic embolism in valvular and structural transcatheter interventions

Antithrombotic strategies in patients undergoing valvular and structural percutaneous interventions

Future directions and conclusions

References

CHAPTER 54: Alcohol Septal Ablation for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Selection of patients

Mechanisms of treatment efficacy

The technique

Treatment efficacy

Adverse events

Future directions

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 55: Left Atrial Appendage Exclusion

Indication for LAA exclusion

Endocardial devices: design and technical details

Procedural aspects for implantation

The Lariat system: a combined endocardial–epicardial approach

Post‐implantation consideration and follow‐up

Areas for future research

References

CHAPTER 56: Cryptogenic Stroke, Patent Foramen Ovale, and ASD Closure

Types of ASD and PFO

Cryptogenic stroke and its relation to PFO

Atrial septal defect

Closure of ASD and PFO

Contraindications to ASD and PFO closure

Technique

ASD and PFO closure precedure

ASD sizing

ASD device selection

PFO device selection

Device delivery

Completing the procedure

Adverse events

Aftercare

Future directions

References

CHAPTER 57: Paravalvular Leak Closure and Ventricular Septal Defect Closure

Transcatheter paravalvular leak closure

Transcatheter VSD closure

References

SECTION III: Valvular Heart Disease Interventions

CHAPTER 58: Aortic Valvuloplasty and Large‐Bore Percutaneous Arterial Access

Basic principles and mechanisms of action

Indications and evidence for use

Patient selection and contraindications to BAV

Approach to the procedure

Large‐bore arterial access

Performing balloon aortic valvuloplasty

Arteriotomy closure and troubleshooting

Complications of BAV and their management

Conclusions, recommendations, and future directions

References

CHAPTER 59: Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation

Indications and candidacy for TAVR

Contraindications to TAVR

Evaluating the patient for transfemoral TAVR

Management of cardiovascular comorbidities pre‐TAVR

Interventional technique for TF‐TAVR

Complications of TF‐TAVR

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 60: Transthoracic Aortic Valve Implantation

Indications for transaortic access

Patient selection

TAo TAVI approaches

Procedural considerations

Edwards SAPIEN XT and SAPIEN 3

CoreValve

Engager

Direct Flow

Lotus

TAo: comparison with other approaches

Contraindications

Rare types of access for high risk inoperable TAVI

Conclusions

Disclosure

References

CHAPTER 61: New Aortic Valve Technologies

SAPIEN 3

CoreValve Evolut R

Lotus™ valve system

ACURATE valve system

Direct Flow

Engager

Portico

JenaValve

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 62: Transseptal Puncture

Training

Echocardiographic guidance

Equipment

Procedure

Specificities in transseptal puncture

Electrophysiology

Circulatory support

Complications

Contraindications

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 63: Principles of Carpentier’s Reconstructive Surgery in Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease

Pathophysiology and functional classification

Surgical indications

Principles of mitral valve surgery

Results

References

CHAPTER 64: Mitral Valve Repair

Percutaneous mitral leaflet repair with MitraClip

Percutaneous indirect and direct annuloplasty

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement

References

CHAPTER 65: Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty

Anatomic considerations

Balloon mitral valvuloplasty

Indications and recommendations for percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

Contraindications

Peri‐procedural care

Patient preparation

Techniques

BMV in difficult scenarios

Complications of BMV

Results of BMV

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 66: Pulmonary Artery and Valve Catheter‐Based Interventions

Balloon pulmonary artery angioplasty

Pulmonary artery endovascular stenting

Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty

Right ventricular outflow tract stenting

Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation

The future

References

CHAPTER 67: Imaging for Planning and Guidance for Structural Heart Interventions

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Percutaneous mitral valve repair

Conclusions

References

PART IV: Vascular Disease for the Interventionalist

SECTION I: Cerebrovascular Disease

CHAPTER 68: Acute Stroke Intervention

Background and evidence

Acute stroke therapy: practical aspects

Complications

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 69: Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stenting

Background

Important concepts and considerations

Indications and contraindications

Carotid plaque characteristics

Vascular anatomy

Cerebral protection devices

Self‐expanding carotid stents

Step‐by‐step technique of carotid stenting

Case histories

Carotid stenting complications

Tailored approach to CAS: scientific evidence

Future directions

Acknowledgments

References

CHAPTER 70: Cerebral Aneurysms

Diagnosis

Indications for endovascular treatment

Strategies for endovascular treatment

References

SECTION II: Aorta and Branch Diseases

CHAPTER 71: Management of Acute Aortic Syndromes

Epidemiology

Conditions in the context of AAS

Genetics and clinical manifestations of AAS

Diagnostic pathways

Initial medical management of aortic dissection

Intramural hematoma

Penetrating aortic ulcer

Outlook and conclusions

References

CHAPTER 72: Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Demographics

Etiology

Indications

Diagnostic imaging

Anatomic requirements

Evidence to support TEVAR

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 73: Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Demographics

Etiology

Indications

Ruptured AAA

Diagnostic imaging

Anatomic requirements

EVAR devices

Endoleaks

Evidence to support EVAR

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 74: Acute and Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia

Acute mesenteric ischemia

Chronic mesenteric ischemia

Technical considerations

Post‐procedure follow‐up

Complications

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 75: Renal Artery Interventions

Renal artery stenosis

Natural history and clinical outcomes

Indications for screening

Diagnosis

Treatment options for ARAS

Technical aspects of renal endovascular intervention for renal artery stenosis

CHAPTER 76: Revascularization for Arteries in the Pelvis

Penile arterial blood supply and anatomy

Angiographic studies in erectile dysfunction

Penile arterial revascularization: surgical and endovascular approaches

Patient selection and work‐up

Angiographic technique

Conclusions

References

SECTION III: Peripheral Arterial Disease

CHAPTER 77: Iliac Interventions

Clinical presentation and diagnosis

Percutaneous intervention

Complications

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 78: Superficial Femoral Artery Interventions

Endovascular interventions

Balloon angioplasty

Bare metal stents

Drug‐eluting stents

Drug‐eluting balloons

Cryotherapy

Atherectomy

The future

References

CHAPTER 79: Popliteal Artery Interventions

Interventions for popliteal artery disease

Balloon angioplasty

Stenting

Adjunctive endovascular technologies

Atherectomy

Popliteal aneurysms

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 80: Below the Knee Interventions in Critical Limb Ischemia

Background

Evaluation of the lower extremity arterial system

Approach to BTK intervention

Endovascular management of below the knee critical limb ischemia

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

Modified angioplasty techniques

Complications of endovascular procedures

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 81: Subclavian, Vertebral, and Upper Extremity Vascular Disease

Subclavian and upper extremity arterial disease

Vertebral artery disease

References

SECTION IV: Venous Disease/Interventions

CHAPTER 82: Antithrombotic Strategies in Endovascular Interventions

Pathophysiology

Aspirin

Ticlopidine

Clopidogrel

Other ADP receptor antagonists

Dipyridamole

Vorapaxar

Low molecular weight heparins

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists

Vitamin K antagonist

Cilostazol

Bivalirudin

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 83: Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Predisposing factors

Pathogenesis

Clinical manifestations

QOL and economic impact

Diagnosis

Treatment

Non‐invasive study: venous reflux disease

Non‐invasive study: chronic venous flow obstruction

Non‐invasive study: muscle pump dysfunction

References

CHAPTER 84: Cardiac Vein Anatomy and Transcoronary Sinus Catheter Interventions in Myocardial Ischemia

Aims of transcoronary sinus interventions

Anatomy of cardiac veins

Pathophysiologic background of transcoronary sinus interventions

How to access jeopardized myocardium

Current transcoronary sinus catheter interventions in myocardial jeopardy

Conclusions and future directions

References

Index

End User License Agreement

 

An aparitie	2022
Autor	George D. Dangas (Editor), Carlo Di Mario (Editor), Holger Thiele (Editor), Peter Barlis (Editor)
Dimensiuni	220 x 280 x 39 mm
Editura	Wiley-Blackwell
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781119697343
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	880