Handbook of Pediatric Neurosurgery

 

Description:

An essential backpack-size resource on the treatment of pediatric neurological conditions

Pediatric neurosurgery has witnessed considerable technological advances, resulting in more efficacious outcomes for young patients with hydrocephalus, epilepsy, brain tumors, spinal deformities, and a host of other conditions. The art of pediatric neurosurgery is a delicate balancing act—taking into account child and parents and emotional and disease challenges. As such, the management of serious neurological conditions in pediatric patients must encompass the big picture in addition to treating underlying pathologies.

Handbook of Pediatric Neurosurgery by George Jallo, Karl Kothbauer, and Violette Recinos covers the full depth and breadth of this uniquely rewarding subspecialty including congenital, developmental, and acquired disorders. The latest information is provided on anatomy, radiological imaging, and principles guiding the surgical and nonsurgical management of a full spectrum of neurological pathologies impacting infants and children. The book is divided into 11 sections and 56 chapters with state-of-the-art procedures, best practices, and clinical pearls from top pediatric neurosurgeons.

Key Features

Cranial disorders including Chiari malformations, encephaloceles, Dandy-Walker malformation, and craniosynostosis

Benign and malignant tumors—from the hypothalamus and optic pathways to the brainstem and spinal column

Spinal abnormalities such as spina bifida, tethered cord, and scoliosis

Clinical questions and answers at the end of chapters—ideal for self-testing and exam prep

Comprehensive and compact, this is the perfect backpack reference for neurosurgery residents and pediatric neurosurgery fellows to carry on rounds. It is also a must-have resource for seasoned pediatric neurosurgeons and all practitioners entrusted with the neurological care of pediatric patients.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Section I General and Critical Care

1 ICP Management

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Pathophysiology

1.3 ICP Monitoring

1.4 Treatment of Raised ICP

1.5 Summary

1.6 Questions

References

2 Pain Management for Pediatric Neurosurgical Patients

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Pediatric Pain Assessment

2.3 Pediatric Pharmacokinetics

2.4 Impact of Preexisting Comorbidities on Analgesic Management

2.5 Analgesic Considerations for Specific Neurosurgical Procedures

2.6 Common Analgesics Used in Children

2.7 Review Questions (True or False)

References

Section II Neuroradiology

3 Conventional Radiography

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Skull Radiography

3.3 Sinus Radiography

3.4 Stenvers and Schüller Radiography

3.5 Shunt Survey

3.6 Cervical Spine and Craniocervical Junction

3.7 Thoracic and Lumbosacral Radiography

3.8 Total Spine Radiography

4 Ultrasonography

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Anatomical Ultrasonography of the Brain

4.3 Doppler Ultrasonography of the Brain

4.4 Ultrasonography of the Spine

4.5 Ultrasonography of the Orbits

4.6 Ultrasonography of the Head and Neck

Reference

5 Computed Tomography

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Hounsfield Units

5.3 Intravenous Contrast Media

5.4 CT Angiography, CT Venography, and CT Perfusion

5.5 Limitations of CT Contrast Agents

5.6 Radiation Exposure

5.7 Indications

References

6 Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

6.1 Introduction

6.2 T1- and T2-weighted Sequences

6.3 Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI

6.4 Fat-saturated T1- and T2-weighted Sequences

6.5 Fluid-attenuated Inversion Recovery

6.6 T2*-Gradient Echo and Susceptibility-weighted Imaging

6.7 Inversion Recovery Sequences

6.8 Heavily T2-weighted MRI

6.9 Ultrafast MRI

6.10 Contraindications for MRI

7 Advanced MRI Techniques

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Venography

7.3 Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Imaging

7.4 Diffusion-weighted Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

7.5 Perfusion-weighted Imaging

7.6 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

7.7 Functional MRI

7.8 Digital Subtraction Angiography

References

Section III Neurology

8 The Neurological Examination of the Infant and Child

8.1 Introduction

8.2 History

8.3 Examination

9 Spinal Cord Tracts and Development

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Ascending Tracts

9.3 Descending Tracts

9.4 Development

References

10 Migration Disorders

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Malformations

References

11 Neurofibromatosis Type 1

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Genetics and Cellular Biology

11.3 Diagnosis and Clinical Presentation

11.4 Management

11.5 Imaging

11.6 Cutaneous Manifestations

11.7 Optic Pathway Gliomas

11.8 Other NF1 Brain Tumors

11.9 NF1 Brain Function

11.10 NF1 Skeletal Manifestations

References

12 Medical Management for Epilepsy

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Treatment of Status Epilepticus

12.3 Specific Anticonvulsant Uses

12.4 Brief Overview of the Most Commonly Used Anticonvulsant Medications

12.5 Medication Side Effects

12.6 Drug–Drug Interactions

12.7 Discontinuation of Anticonvulsant Therapy

12.8 Treatment in the Setting of Comorbidities

12.9 Dietary Therapy

12.10 Common Clinical Questions

12.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

Section IV Tumor

13 Pediatric Scalp and Skull Lesions

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Cephalohematoma

13.3 Epidermoids/Dermoids

13.4 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

13.5 Fibrous Dysplasia

13.6 Hemangiomas

13.7 Sinus Pericranii

13.8 Growing Skull Fracture

13.9 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

13.10 Osteoma, Osteoblastoma, and Osteoid Osteoma

13.11 Sarcoma and Neuroblastoma

References

14 Supratentorial Tumors

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Clinical Presentation

14.3 Clinical Evaluation

14.4 Imaging

14.5 Preoperative Management

14.6 Perioperative Management

14.7 Postoperative Management

14.8 Complications

14.9 Low-Grade Gliomas (Diffuse, Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma)

14.10 High-Grade Gliomas

14.11 Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytomas

14.12 Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors

14.13 Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors

14.14 Desmoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumors

14.15 Gangliogliomas

14.16 Ependymomas

14.17 Meningiomas

14.18 Surgical Pearls

14.19 Common Clinical Questions

14.20 Answers to Clinical Questions

References

15 Hypothalamic and Optic Pathway Tumors

15.1 Introduction/Epidemiology

15.2 Clinical Presentation

15.3 Diagnostic Imaging

15.4 Treatment

15.5 Summary

References

16 Craniopharyngiomas and Other Sellar Tumors

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Craniopharyngiomas

16.3 Rathke’s Cleft Cysts

16.4 Pituitary Adenomas

16.5 Embryology and Pathology

16.6 Papillary Craniopharyngiomas

16.7 Clinical Presentation

16.8 Craniopharyngiomas

16.9 Rathke’s Cleft Cysts

16.10 Pituitary Adenomas

16.11 Examination and Diagnostic Workup

16.12 Neuroimaging

16.13 Ophthalmological Evaluation

16.14 Endocrine Workup

16.15 Classification Systems

16.16 Nonsurgical Management

16.17 Surgical Approaches

16.18 Surgical Technique

16.19 Postoperative Care

16.20 Adjuvant Treatment

16.21 Outcomes

16.22 Clinical Pearls

16.23 Common Clinical Questions

16.24 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

17 Germ Cell Tumors

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Epidemiology Factors

17.3 Predisposing Factors

17.4 Pathophysiology

17.5 Pathology

17.6 Molecular Biology

17.7 Radiographic Findings of Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors

17.8 Presenting Signs and Symptoms

17.9 Laboratory Evaluation

17.10 Nonsurgical Management

17.11 Surgical Indications

17.12 Surgical Technique

17.13 Postoperative Care

17.14 Surgical Complications

17.15 Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy

17.16 Prognosis

17.17 Surgical Pearls

17.18 Common Clinical Questions

17.19 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

18 Pineal Region Tumors

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Anatomy and Physiology

18.3 Classification of Tumors

18.4 Clinical Presentation

18.5 Investigations

18.6 Management

18.7 Treatment and Outcomes

18.8 Endoscopic and Microsurgical Approaches

18.9 Complications

18.10 Common Clinical Questions

18.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

19 Intraventricular Tumors in Children

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Ependymoma

19.3 Choroid Plexus Papilloma and Carcinoma

19.4 Subependymoma

19.5 Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma

19.6 Central Neurocytoma

19.7 Clinical Presentation

19.8 Surgical Approach and Techniques

19.9 Postoperative Management and Complications

19.10 Common Clinical Questions

19.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

20 Posterior Fossa Tumors

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Neurosurgical Management of Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors

20.3 Surgical Considerations

20.4 Specific Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors

20.5 Common Clinical Questions

20.6 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

21 Brainstem Gliomas

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Anatomy

21.3 Examination

21.4 Nonsurgical Management

21.5 Surgical Indications

21.6 Surgical Technique

21.7 Complications

21.8 Postoperative Care

21.9 Outcomes

21.10 Surgical Pearls

21.11 Common Clinical Questions

21.12 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

22 Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Neurosurgical Management of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors

22.3 Specific Types of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors

22.4 Summary

22.5 Common Clinical Questions

22.6 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

23 Tumors of the Spinal Column

23.1 Introduction

23.2 Clinical Presentation

23.3 Investigations

23.4 Tumor Types

23.5 Treatment Considerations

23.6 Complications and Their Prevention

23.7 Surgical Pearls

23.8 Common Clinical Questions

23.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

Section V Cerebrovascular Disorders

24 Aneurysms

24.1 Introduction and Anatomy

24.2 Epidemiology and Pathophysiology

24.3 Presentation and Evaluation

24.4 Treatment and Surgical Indications

24.5 Surgical Technique

24.6 Complications

24.7 Postoperative Care and Follow-up

24.8 Outcomes

24.9 Surgical Pearls

24.10 Common Clinical Questions

24.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

25 Arteriovenous Malformations

25.1 Introduction and Anatomy

25.2 Epidemiology and Pathophysiology

25.3 Presentation and Evaluation

25.4 Treatment and Surgical Indications

25.5 Surgical Technique

25.6 Complications

25.7 Postoperative Care and Follow-up

25.8 Outcomes

25.9 Surgical Pearls

25.10 Common Clinical Questions

25.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

26 Pediatric Cavernous Malformations

26.1 Introduction/Epidemiology

26.2 Pathology

26.3 Diagnostic Imaging

26.4 Clinical Presentation

26.5 Natural History

26.6 Surgical Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes

26.7 Radiosurgery

26.8 Common Clinical Questions

26.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

Section VI Developmental and Congenital Cranial Disorders

27 Chiari Malformations

27.1 Introduction

27.2 Anatomy

27.3 Clinical Findings

27.4 Diagnostic Evaluation

27.5 Nonsurgical Management

27.6 Surgical Indications

27.7 Surgical Technique

27.8 Complications

27.9 Postoperative Care

27.10 Outcomes

27.11 Surgical Pearls

27.12 Common Clinical Questions

27.13 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

28 Encephaloceles

28.1 Introduction

28.2 Classification

28.3 Pathogenesis

28.4 Epidemiology

28.5 Clinical Findings and Diagnosis

28.6 Surgical Management

28.7 Posterior Encephaloceles

28.8 Anterior Encephaloceles

28.9 Surgical Pearls

28.10 Common Clinical Questions

28.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

29 Congenital Arachnoid Cysts

29.1 Introduction

29.2 Pathogenesis

29.3 Epidemiology

29.4 Sylvian Fissure Cysts

29.5 Sellar Region Cysts

29.6 Cerebral Convexity Cysts

29.7 Interhemispheric Fissure Cysts

29.8 Quadrigeminal Plate Region Cysts

29.9 Infratentorial Arachnoid Cysts

29.10 Common Clinical Questions

29.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

30 Neuroenteric Cysts

30.1 Introduction

30.2 Radiographic Features

30.3 Surgical Management and Outcome

30.4 Common Clinical Questions

30.5 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

31 Intracranial Lipomas

31.1 Introduction

31.2 Anatomy

31.3 Presentation

31.4 Radiographic Imaging and Differential Diagnosis

31.5 Surgical Considerations

31.6 Surgical Pearls

31.7 Common Clinical Questions

31.8 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

32 The Dandy–Walker Malformation: Disorders of Cerebellar Development and Their Management

32.1 Introduction: Incidence, Genetics, and Evaluation

32.2 Differential Diagnosis

32.3 Management and Outcomes

References

33 Craniosynostosis

33.1 Introduction

33.2 Classification

33.3 Epidemiology

33.4 Etiology and Genetic Factors

33.5 Craniosynostoses and Their Treatment

33.6 Surgical Treatment

33.7 Conclusion

33.8 Common Clinical Questions

33.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

34 Management of Craniofacial Syndromes

34.1 Introduction

34.2 Embryology/Development

34.3 Genetics

34.4 Surgical Approaches

34.5 Summary

34.6 Common Clinical Questions

34.7 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

Reference

35 Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage in Premature Infants

35.1 Introduction

35.2 Pathophysiology of Germinal Matrix

35.3 Epidemiology

35.4 Etiology of Posthemorrhagic Ventricular Dilation

35.5 Clinical Presentation

35.6 Diagnosis

35.7 Pathology Associated with IVHp

35.8 Treatment

35.9 There is no Data to Prove Superiority of Either VSG Shunt or Reservoir Placement

35.10 Prognosis

35.11 Conclusion

References

36 Surgical Management of Hydrocephalus

36.1 Introduction

36.2 Surgical Indications

36.3 Shunt Implantation

36.4 Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy

36.5 Common Clinical Questions

36.6 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

37 Treatment of Hydrocephalus in the Developing World

37.1 Introduction

37.2 Acquired

37.3 Treatment

37.4 Surgical Indications and Contraindications

37.5 Surgical Technique

37.6 Complications

37.7 Postoperative

37.8 Common Clinical Questions

37.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

Section VII Developmental and Congential Spinal Disorders

38 Abnormalities of the Craniocervical Junction and Cervical Spine

38.1 Introduction

38.2 Anatomy

38.3 Examination

38.4 Nonsurgical Management

38.5 Surgical Indications

38.6 Surgical Technique

38.7 Complications

38.8 Postoperative Care

38.9 Outcomes

38.10 Surgical Pearls

38.11 Common Clinical Questions

38.12 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

39 Spina Bifida: Classification and Management

39.1 Introduction

39.2 Spina Bifida Occulta

39.3 Spina Bifida Aperta

39.4 Embryology

39.5 Clinical Presentation

39.6 Prenatal Assessment

39.7 Postnatal Assessment

39.8 Common Clinical Questions

39.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

40 Pathophysiology and Management of Tethered Cord (Including Myelomeningocele)

40.1 Definitions

40.2 Pathophysiology of TCS

40.3 Pathophysiology of Recurrent Tethered Cord

40.4 Assessment of TCS

40.5 Imaging of TC

40.6 Treatment of Tethered Cord

40.7 Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in TCS

40.8 Outcome in TCS

40.9 Complications

40.10 Surgical Pearls

40.11 Common Clinical Questions

40.12 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

41 Intraspinal Lipomas

41.1 Introduction

41.2 Classification

41.3 Clinical Presentation

41.4 Imaging

41.5 Surgical Treatment

42 Scoliosis

42.1 Introduction

42.2 Nonsurgical Treatment

42.3 Surgical Treatment

42.4 Complications

42.5 Conclusion

42.6 Common Clinical Questions

42.7 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

43 Achondroplasia

43.1 Introduction

43.2 Cervicomedullary Compression

43.3 Spinal Stenosis

43.4 Hydrocephalus

References

Section VIII Functional Disorders

44 The Evaluation and Classification of Epilepsy

44.1 Introduction

44.2 Definitions

44.3 Classification of Epilepsy

44.4 Evaluation of Epilepsy

44.5 Common Clinical Questions

44.6 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

45 Surgical Management of Childhood Epilepsy: Temporal and Extratemporal Pathologies

45.1 Introduction

45.2 Epilepsy Disorders in Childhood Epilepsy

45.3 Presurgical Evaluation

45.4 Neuroimaging

45.5 EEG Investigations

45.6 Surgical Options

45.7 Summary

References

46 Surgical Management of Childhood Epilepsy: Corpus Callosotomy and Vagal Nerve Stimulation

46.1 Introduction

46.2 Corpus Callosotomy

46.3 Vagal Nerve Stimulation

46.4 Conclusion

46.5 Common Clinical Questions

46.6 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

47 Surgical Management of Pediatric Spasticity

47.1 Introduction

47.2 Epidemiology and Pathophysiology

47.3 Diagnosis and Examination

47.4 Nonsurgical Management

47.5 Surgical Indications

References

Section IX Trauma

48 Neonatal Brachial Plexus Injury

48.1 Introduction

48.2 Anatomy

48.3 Examination

48.4 Nonsurgical Management

48.5 Surgical Indications

48.6 Surgical Technique

48.7 Complications

48.8 Postoperative Care

48.9 Outcomes

48.10 Surgical Pearls

48.11 Common Clinical Questions

48.12 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

49 Pediatric Spine Trauma

49.1 Introduction

49.2 Epidemiology

49.3 Pathophysiology

49.4 Anatomy

49.5 Specific Injuries

49.6 Examination

49.7 Prehospital Management

49.8 Nonsurgical Management

49.9 Surgical Indications

49.10 Surgical Technique

49.11 Complications

49.12 Outcomes

49.13 Postoperative Care and Rehabilitation of Spinal Cord Injury

49.14 Surgical Pearls

49.15 Common Clinical Questions

49.16 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

50 Pediatric Peripheral Nervous System Trauma

50.1 Introduction

50.2 Peripheral Nerve Anatomy

50.3 Mechanism of Neuronal Injury

50.4 Sunderland’s Classification

50.5 Examination

50.6 Neurophysiology

50.7 Imaging

50.8 Nonsurgical Management

50.9 Surgical Repair

50.10 Pearls

50.11 Postoperative Care/Follow-up

50.12 Brachial Plexus

50.13 Extremities

50.14 Upper Extremity

50.15 Lower Extremity

50.16 Common Clinical Questions

50.17 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

51 Management of Pediatric Head Trauma

51.1 Introduction

51.2 Initial Emergency Room Evaluation

51.3 Management of Mild TBI

51.4 Management of Severe TBI and Polytrauma

51.5 Surgical Pearls

51.6 Common Clinical Questions

51.7 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

52 Abusive Head Trauma

52.1 Definitions and Nomenclature

52.2 Clinical Presentation

52.3 Differential Diagnosis of AHT

52.4 Work-up of AHT

52.5 Treatment

52.6 Outcome

52.7 Other Considerations

References

Section X Infections

53 Evaluation and Management of Pediatric Intracranial Infections

53.1 Introduction

53.2 Bacterial Meningitis

53.3 Viral Meningitis

53.4 Encephalitis

53.5 Brain Abscess, Subdural Empyema, and Extradural Empyema

53.6 Common Clinical Questions

53.7 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

54 Evaluation and Management of Pediatric Spinal Infections

54.1 Introduction

54.2 Anatomy

54.3 Examination

54.4 Nonsurgical Management

54.5 Surgical Indications

54.6 Surgical Technique

54.7 Complications

54.8 Postoperative Care

54.9 Outcomes

54.10 Surgical Pearls

54.11 Common Clinical Questions

54.12 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

55 Surgical Considerations in Tuberculosis, Fungal, and Parasitic Infections of CNS in Children

55.1 Introduction

55.2 Pathogenesis

55.3 Tuberculous Meningitis

References

Section XI Operating Room Basics

56 Neuronavigation in Pediatric Neurosurgery

56.1 Introduction

56.2 Terminology

56.3 Technique

56.4 Indications

56.5 Common Clinical Questions

56.6 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

References

Appendices

Index

 

An aparitie	30 April 2018
Autor	George I. Jallo , Karl Kothbauer , Violette Recinos
Dimensiuni	25.4 x 17.78 cm
Editura	Thieme
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781604068795
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	1112