Hair and Scalp Disorders

 

Description:

A succinct and comprehensive guide examining the treatment of hair and scalp disorders, with a special emphasis on how hair type, morphology, and ethnicity can impact on hair disease and treatment. This updated and revised second edition builds on a successful first edition with additional chapters on dermoscopy, on how technology can best be integrated into clinical practice, and on aging hair.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Chapter 1 Human Hair

Introduction

Human Scalp Hair

Function of Human Hair

Structure of Hair

Lanugo Hair

Vellus Hair

Terminal Hair

Cuticle

Cortex

Medulla

Hair Color

Hair Diameter

Terminal Hair Phenotypes

Classification of Hair Phenotypes

Subequatorial African Hair

Asian or Eastern Asian Hair

Indo-European Hair

Australasian Hair

Hair Phenotypes in the Americas

Developments of Human Hair Differences

Evolutionary Advantages of Straight and Curly Hair

Phenotype and “Hair Health”

Root-to-Tip Considerations

Introduction

Healthy Hair

Cosmetic Aspects of Hair

The Hair Mass

Hair in Time and Space

The Process of “Weathering”

Sources of Hair Damage

Causes of Hair Damage

Specific Forms of Hair Damage

Damage from Hair Cutting, Styling, and Shampooing

Cutting

Styling

Shampooing

Tangling

Physical Processes

Environmental Processes

Heat Processes

Chemical Treatments

Hair Coloring and Bleaching

Chemical Curling Permanents

Straightening and Relaxing

Minimizing Damage

General Principles

Chapter 2 Evaluation

Introduction

Hair History

Chemical Damage

Heat Implements

Physical Processes

Environmental Exposure

Hair Examination

Care Recommendations

Summary

Chapter 3 Dermoscopy of Hair and Scalp Disorders (Trichoscopy)

Introduction

Normal Scalp

Inflammatory Scalp Disorders and Parasitic Disorders

Psoriasis and Seborrheic Dermatitis

Pediculosis Capitis

Piedra

Tinea Capitis

Non-Scarring Alopecia

Androgenetic Alopecia, including Female Pattern of Hair Loss

Alopecia Areata

Trichotillomania

Traction Alopecia

Telogen Effluvium

Congenital Triangular Alopecia

Scarring Alopecia

Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus of the Scalp

Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans

Folliculitis Decalvans

Dissecting Cellulitis

Hair Shaft Disorders

Monilethrix and Pseudomonilethrix

Trichorrhexis Invaginata (Netherton Syndrome)

Trichorrhexis Nodosa

Pili Torti

Summary

Chapter 4 Photographic Imaging of Hair Loss

Introduction

Global Photography

Camera and Lighting Control

Camera-to-Patient Registration

Macrophotography and Computer-Assisted Hair Measurements

Summary

Chapter 5 Hair Follicle Anatomy in Human Scalp Biopsies

Introduction

Hair Gross Structure

Follicular Morphogenesis

Normal Hair Growth Cycle

Biopsy of Human Scalp

Horizontal versus Vertical Sections

Hair Count in Scalp Biopsy

Hair Follicle Microscopic Anatomy

Infundibulum

Isthmus

Hair Bulb

Outer Root Sheath

Inner Root Sheath

Hair Shaft

Follicular Units

Terminal Anagen Hair

Terminal Catagen Hair

Terminal Telogen Hair

Conclusion

Chapter 6 Nonmedicated Grooming Products and Beauty Treatments

Introduction

Shampoos

Shampoo Formulation

Anionic Detergents

Amphoteric Detergents

Shampoo Diversity

Conditioning Shampoos

Sulfate-Free Shampoos

Oily Hair Shampoos

Dry Shampoos

Ethnic Shampoos

Conditioners

Conditioner Formulation

Quaternary Conditioners

Film-Forming Conditioners

Protein-Containing Conditioners

Silicone Conditioners

Conditioner Diversity

Instant Conditioners

Deep Conditioners

Leave-In Conditioners

Hair Rinses

Hair Coloring

Gradual Dyes

Temporary Dyes

Semipermanent Dyes

Permanent Dyes

Permanent Hair Curling

Alkaline and Alkaline-Buffered Permanent Waves

Exothermic Permanent

Self-Regulated Permanent Waves

Acid and Sulfite Permanent Waves

Permanent Hair Straightening

Lye-Based or Sodium Hydroxide Straighteners

No-Lye Straighteners

Thioglycolate Straighteners

Ammonium Bisulfate Creams

Brazilian Hair Straightening

Chapter 7 Practical Case Scenarios: How to Utilize Products

Introduction

Case Scenarios

Dry Hair

Chapter 8 Dandruff and Seborrheic DermatitisUse of Medicated Shampoos

Introduction

Clinical Features

Definitions

Clinical Presentation

Histopathology

Prevalence

Systemic Disease Associations

Differential Diagnosis

Psoriasis

Irritant Dermatitis

Tinea Capitis

Pityriasis amiantacea

“Personal Observation of Silver Scalp”

Other

Anthropology of Dandruff

Etiology of Dandruff

Malassezia

Inflammation

Humoral Immunity

Innate Immune System

Lipases

Hyperproliferation

Nature of Flaking

Barrier Function

Treatment

History

Efficacy Testing Methods

FDA Monograph

Keratolytics

Antipruritics

Anti-Malassezia Agents

Tar

Zinc Pyrithione

Selenium Sulfide

Ketoconazole

Ciclopirox

Other

Shampoo Comparison Studies

Gels, Lotions, Creams

Dispelling Shampoo Myths

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Topical Corticosteroids

Calcineurin Inhibitors

Other

Patient Management

Summary

Chapter 9 Alopecia Areata

Introduction

Clinical Features

Scope of the Problem

Pathophysiology

Histology

Immunology

Genetics

Nerves

Treatments

Topical Sensitizers

Steroids: Topical, Intralesional, Oral

Minoxidil: Topical and Oral

Anthralin

Light Therapy (UVA, UVB, Laser)

Biologics

Combination Therapies

Other Treatments

Future and Evolving Medical Treatments

Treatment of Alopecia Areata: This Author’s Approach

Patchy Disease

Extensive Disease

Summary

Chapter 10 Androgenetic Alopecia

Introduction

Clinical Features

Male Androgenetic Alopecia

Female Androgenetic Alopecia

Pathology

Etiology

Androgens

Genetics

Prevalence

Management

Diagnosis

Counseling

Treatment

Men

Minoxidil

Finasteride

Minoxidil versus Finasteride

Dutasteride

Surgery

Women

Minoxidil

Antiandrogens

Prostaglandin Analogs

Iron

Surgery

Low-Level Light Therapy

Summary

Chapter 11 Telogen Effluvium

Introduction

Diagnosis of TE

History

Physical Exam

Special Tests

Scalp Biopsy

Screening Laboratory Tests

Differential Diagnosis

Management and Treatment

General Approach

Inciting Factors

Hormones

Nutritional Influences

Calories

Protein

Amino Acids

Essential Fatty Acids

Iron

Zinc

Vitamin A

Biotin (Vitamin H)

Vitamin D

Systemic Disease

Surgery

Psychological Stressors

Medications and Supplements

Psychotropics

Anticoagulants

Cardiovascular Drugs

Antimicrobials

Retinoids

Other Medications

Additional Treatments

Scalp Inflammation and TE

Minoxidil (Rogaine)

Antiandrogens

Botanical Nutrients

Camouflage and Cosmetic Aids

Surgery

Platelet-Rich Plasma

The Future

Prognosis

Conclusion

Bibliography

Chapter 12 Cicatricial Alopecia

Introduction

Background

Mechanisms

The Sebotrophic Hypothesis

Stem Cells and Immunology

Peroxisomes and Lipid Metabolism

Retinoids

Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Epidemiology

Clinical Presentation

Lymphocytic Cicatricial Alopecias

Neutrophilic Cicatricial Alopecias

Mixed Cicatricial Alopecias

Histopathology

Classification

Treatment

Medical

Lymphocytic

Systemic Therapy

Neutrophilic

Mixed

Surgical

Recommended Websites

Chapter 13 Structural Hair Abnormalities

Introduction

Weathering

Examination of the Hair Shaft

Classification of Hair Shaft Disorders

Structural Defects with Increased Fragility

Trichorrhexis Nodosa

Congenital Trichorrhexis Nodosa

Acquired Trichorrhexis Nodosa

Proximal Trichorrhexis Nodosa

Distal Trichorrhexis Nodosa

Circumscribed Trichorrhexis Nodosa

Trichorrhexis Nodosa Associated with Other Syndromes

Monilethrix

Clinical Features

Genetics

Diagnosis

Associations

Treatment

Pseudomonilethrix

Pili Torti

Clinical Features

Isolated Pili Torti

Pili Torti as Part of Other Defined Syndromes (Table 13.3)

Pathophysiology

Treatment

Netherton Syndrome (Trichorrhexis Invaginata)

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Trichothiodystrophy

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Treatment

Pili Annulati (Ringed Hair)

Clinical Features

Pathophysiology

Investigations

Pseudo Pili Annulati

Woolly Hair and Woolly Hair Nevus

Associations

Uncombable Hair Syndrome (Spun-Glass Hair)

Investigations

Straight Hair Nevus

Clinical Features

Associations

Loose Anagen Syndrome

Pathophysiology

Clinical Features

Investigations

Pohl–Pinkus Lines

Peripilar Casts (Pseudo Nits)

Pili Multigemini

Trichonodosis

Bubble Hair

Trichostasis Spinulosa

Bird’s-Nest Hair and Dreadlocks

Summary

Chapter 14 Scalp Prostheses: Wigs, Hairpieces, Extensions, and Scalp-Covering Cosmetics

Introduction

Hair Types

Human Hair

Synthetic Hair

Wigs and Hairpieces

Wig Construction

Hairpieces

Options for Men

Options for Children

Hair Extensions

Methods of Attachment

Braids

Potential Problems Associated with Wigs and Hair Extensions

Hair Cosmetics

Options for Eyebrow and Eyelash Loss

Conclusion

Chapter 15 Hair Transplantation for the Dermatologist

Social Impact of Hair Loss

Why Hair Transplants Work

The Procedure: Past to Present

The Original Technique, Standard Punch Grafting

Combination Mini-Micro Grafting

Follicular Unit Transplantation

Traditional Strip Method FUT

Follicular Unit Extraction Method

Scalp Reductions, Flaps, and Tissue Expanders

Factors That Determine a Succesful Procedure

Meeting Expectations of Naturalness

Meeting Expectation of Density

Establishing Realistic Expectations and Patient Selection

Practical Applications of Hair Transplantation

Male Pattern Baldness

Female Pattern Hair Loss

Abnormally High Female Hair Line

Eyebrows

Eyelashes

Beards and Mustaches

Scar Tissue Caused by Physical Trauma

Primary Cicatricial Alopecia

Ethnic Considerations

Patients of African Descent

Asians

Adjunctive Therapy and New Horizions

Finasteride

Dutasteride

Minoxidil

Low Level Laser Therapy

Platelet-Rich Plasma

ACell MatriStem

Cell Therapy and Cloning

Chapter 16 Alternative Treatments for Hair Loss

Introduction

Herbal Remedies

Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens)

Pygeum (Prunus africana)

Stinging Nettle Root

Ginkgo Biloba

He Shou Wu (Polygonum multiflorum)

Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis)

Prickly Ash Bark (Zanthoxylum clava-herculis)

Horsetail (Equisetum arvense)

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra)

Shea Butter

Dietary Supplements

Iron

Taurine and Catechins

Marine Proteins

L-Cystine

L-Lysine

Biotin

Pantothenic Acid

Vitamin B6

Copper

Zinc

Selenium and Other Trace Elements

Soy

External Treatments

Shampoos and Conditioners

Ketoconazole

Caffeine

Melatonine

Devices and Other Procedures

Low-Level Laser

Mesotherapy

Platelet-Rich Plasma

Microneedling

Camouflage and Scalp Micropigmentation

Mind-Altering Approaches

Summary

Chapter 17 Hirsutism and Hypertrichosis

Introduction

Hirsutism

Introduction

Epidemiology

Etiology

Excess Androgen Production and Circulating Androgen Levels

Increased Sensitivity of the Hair Follicle to Androgens

Evaluation

History

Physical Examination

Laboratory Evaluation

Management

Physical/Cosmetic Treatments

Bleaching

Systemic Therapies

Hypertrichosis

Etiology

Clinical Features

Management

Chapter 18 Light-Assisted Hair Removal and Hair Growth

Introduction

Biology of the Hair Follicle

Hair Cycle

Types of Hair

Hair Color

Depth of Hair Follicle

Target of Laser Hair Removal

Theory of Selective Photothermolysis

Extended Theory of Selective Photothermolysis

Characterization of Light and Laser Energy

Wavelength

Pulse Width

Spot Size

Fluence

Cooling of the Epidermis

Timing of Cooling

Methods of Cooling

Hair-Removal Light Sources

Lasers

Intense Pulsed Light

Photodynamic Therapy

Home-Use Hair Removal Lasers and Light Sources

Guidelines for Laser Hair Removal

Indications

Patient Selection

Pretreatment Care

Choice of Settings

Spot Size

Pulse Width

Fluence

Treatment Endpoints

Post-Treatment Care

Complications

Transient Adverse Effects

Pigmentary Alterations

Permanent Adverse Effects

Paradoxical Hypertrichosis

Low-Level Laser Therapy and Hair Growth

Conclusion

Chapter 19 Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Introduction

Reaction Types

Clinical Presentation

Epidemiology

Contact Allergens

Hair Dyes

Synthetic Dyes

Metallic Dyes

Plant-Based Dyes

Bleaches

Permanent Waves

Cold Perms

Acid Perms8

Neutral Perms

Hair Straighteners

Shampoos

Conditioners

Leave-in Hair Products (Hairspray, Foams, Gels)

Fragrances and Botanical Agents

Preservatives

Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/Methylisothiazolinone (MI)

Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde Releasers

Methyldribromoglutaronitrile

Others

Emulsifiers and Vehicles

Sunscreens

Hair Removers

Hair Growth Promoters

Wigs and Hair Accessories

Diagnosis

Patch Testing

Patch Testing to Hair Dyes

Treatment of Scalp ACD

Chapter 20 Psychodermatoses Involving Hair

Introduction

Factitial Hair Loss

Delusions of Parasitosis (Ekbom’s Syndrome)

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Chapter 21 Scalp Infections and Infestations

Scalp Infections

Tinea Capitis

Historical Background

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis

Clinical Findings

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Treatment

Griseofulvin

Terbinafine

Itraconazole

Fluconazole

Voriconazole

Adjunctive Therapies and Measures

Kerion

Piedra

Epidemiology

Clinical Findings

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Treatment

Scalp Infestations

Pediculosis Capitis

Historical Background

Epidemiology

Louse Features

Clinical Findings

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Treatment

The Problem of Resistance

Permethrin

Pyrethrins

Malathion

Lindane

Ivermectin

Spinosad

Benzyl Alcohol

Other Agents

Treatment Failures

Screening

Adjunctive Control Measures

Summary

Chapter 22 Sources of Alopecia Information for Physicians and Patients

Introduction

Disease State Information

American Academy of Dermatology

National Alopecia Areata Foundation

Cicatricial Alopecia Research Foundation

Patient Education and Support

National Alopecia Areata Foundation

Cicatricial Alopecia Research Foundation

International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery

Financial Assistance for Cranial Prostheses

Locks of Love

NAAF Ascot Fund and Marketplace

Research

North American Hair Research Society

Alopecia Areata Treatment Development Program

Clinical Trials

Chapter 23 Approach to the Alopecia Patient

Introduction

Preparing for the Visit

The Provider

The Patient

Patient History

Scalp Symptoms

Hair Care

Past Medical History

Medication History

Stress

Family History

The Hair Loss Examination

Diffuse Alopecia

Part-Width Assessment

The Hair-Pull Test

Remainder of the Examination for Diffuse Hair Loss

Patchy Hair Loss

Scalp Dermoscopy (Trichoscopy)

The Diagnosis

The Scalp Biopsy

The Laboratory Workup

Educating the Patient

Chapter 24 Hair Aging and Anti-Aging Strategies

Introduction

The Hair Aging Phenotype

Rare Premature Aging Syndromes

Androgenetic Alopecia

Menopause

Effects of Smoking and Ultraviolet Radiation

Senescent Alopecia

Graying

Hair Weathering

Interventions in Aging Hair

Care for Aging Hair

Possibilities for Reversal of Hair Graying

Possibilities for Reversal of Hair Loss during Aging

Value of Nutritional Treatment

Photoprotection of Hair and Scalp

Future Directions

Summary

Index

 

An aparitie	8 Aug. 2018
Autor	Amy J. McMichael, Maria K. Hordinsky
Dimensiuni	21.01 x 27.99 cm
Editura	CRC Press
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781842145920
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	309