IE Clinical Neuroanatomy

Description:

A comprehensive, color-illustrated guide to neuroanatomy and its functional and clinical applications Engagingly written and extensively illustrated, Clinical Neuroanatomy, Twenty-Ninth Edition gets you up to speed on neuroanatomy, its functional underpinnings, and its relationship to the clinic. You’ll learn everything you need to know about the structure and function of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. This authoritative guide illustrates clinical presentations of disease processes involving specific structures, explores the relationship between neuroanatomy and neurology, and reviews advances in molecular and cellular biology and neuropharmacology as related to neuroanatomy. The book is packed with case studies and hundreds of visuals—including CT and MRI scans, block diagrams showing muscle actions, root-by-root and nerve-by-nerve images of sensory areas and muscle intervention, and more—to help you retain critical information. Essential for board review or as a clinical refresher, Clinical Neuroanatomy features: • More than 300 full-color illustrations • An introduction to clinical thinking that puts neuroanatomy in clear clinical perspective • A discussion of the latest advances in molecular biology and cellular biology in the context of neuroanatomy • Numerous CT and MRI scans • Block diagrams illustrating actions of each muscle (essential for the clinical motor examination) • Hundreds of diagrams and tables encapsulating important information • Summary listings at the end of each chapter • Clear and memorable root-by-root and nerve-by-nerve illustrations of sensory areas and muscle intervention • Coverage of the basic structure and function of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves as well as clinical presentations of disease processes involving specific structures • Appendices including The Neurologic Examination, Testing Muscle Function, Spinal Nerves and Plexuses, and Questions and Answers • Case studies demonstrating how concepts apply to real-world clinical situations • All the must-know concepts, facts, and structures, and more • A complete practice exam to assess your knowledge

Table of Contents:

SECTION I BASIC PRINCIPLES

1. Fundamentals of the Nervous System

Over-all Plan of the Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Planes and Neuroanatomic Terms

2. Development and Cellular Constituents of the Nervous System

Neural Development

Neurons

Neuronal Groupings and Connections

Glia

Degeneration and Regeneration

Neurogenesis

3. Signaling in the Nervous System

Membrane Potential

Generator Potentials

Action Potentials

The Nerve Cell Membrane Contains Ion Channels

The Effects of Myelination

Conduction of Action Potentials

Synapses

Synaptic Transmission

Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Actions

Synaptic Plasticity and Long-Term Potentiation

Presynaptic Inhibition

The Neuromuscular Junction and the End-Plate Potential

Neurotransmitters

SECTION II INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL THINKING

4. The Relationship Between Neuroanatomy and Neurology

Symptoms and Signs of Neurologic Diseases

Where Is the Lesion?

What Is the Lesion?

The Role of Imaging and Laboratory Investigations

The Treatment of Patients with Neurologic Disease

SECTION III SPINAL CORD AND SPINE

5. The Spinal Cord

Development

External Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

Spinal Roots and Nerves

Internal Divisions of the Spinal Cord

Pathways in White Matter

Reflexes

Lesions in the Motor Pathways

Examples of Specific Spinal Cord Disorders

6. The Vertebral Column and Meninges Surrounding the Spinal Cord

Investing Membranes (Meninges)

Spinal Cord Circulation

The Vertebral Column

Lumbar Puncture

Imaging of the Spine and Spinal Cord

SECTION IV ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN

7. The Brain Stem and Cerebellum

Development of the Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves

Over-all Brain Stem Organization

Cranial Nerve Nuclei in the Brain Stem

Medulla

Pons

Midbrain

Vascularization

Cerebellum

8. Cranial Nerves and Associated Pathways

Origin of Cranial Nerve Fibers

Functional Components of the Cranial Nerves

Anatomic Relationships of the Cranial Nerves

9. Diencephalon: Thalamus and Hypothalamus

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Subthalamus

Epithalamus

Circumventricular Organs

10. Cerebral Hemispheres/Telencephalon

Development

Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres

Microscopic Structure of the Cortex

Physiology of Specialized Cortical Regions

Basal Ganglia

Internal Capsule

11. Ventricles and Coverings of the Brain

Ventricular System

Meninges and Submeningeal Spaces

CSF

Barriers in the Nervous System

Skull

12. Vascular Supply of the Brain

Arterial Supply of the Brain

Venous Drainage

Cerebrovascular Disorders

SECTION V FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS

13. Control of Movement

Neural Control of Movement

Major Motor Systems

Motor Disturbances

14. Somatosensory Systems

Receptors

Connections

Somatosensory Pathways

Cortical Somatosensory Areas

Pain

15. The Visual System

The Eye

The Retina

Visual Pathways

The Visual Cortex

16. The Auditory System

Anatomy and Function

Auditory Pathways

17. The Vestibular System

Anatomy

Vestibular Pathways

Functions

18. The Reticular Formation

Anatomy

Functions

19. The Limbic System

The Limbic Lobe and Limbic System

Olfactory System

Hippocampal Formation

Functions and Disorders

Septal Area

20. The Autonomic Nervous System

Autonomic Outflow

Autonomic Innervation of the Head

Visceral Afferent Pathways

Hierarchical Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System

Transmitter Substances

21. Higher Cortical Functions

Frontal Lobe Functions

Language and Speech

Cerebral Dominance

Memory and Learning

Epilepsy

SECTION VI DIAGNOSTIC AIDS

22. Imaging of the Brain

Skull X-Ray Films

Angiography

Computed Tomography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

Functional MRI

Positron Emission Tomography

Single Photon Emission CT

23. Electrodiagnostic Tests

Electroencephalography

Evoked Potentials

Transcranial Motor Cortical Stimulation

Electromyography

Nerve Conduction Studies

24. Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination

Indications

Contraindications

Analysis of the CSF

SECTION VII DISCUSSION OF CASES

25. Discussion of Cases

The Location of Lesions

The Nature of Lesions

Cases

Appendix A: The Neurologic Examination

Appendix B: Testing Muscle Function

Appendix C: Spinal Nerves and Plexuses

Appendix D: Questions and Answers

Index