Essentials of Neonatal Ventilation, 1st edition
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Essentials of Neonatal Ventilation, 1st edition

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Cod produs/ISBN: 9788131249987

Disponibilitate: Acest produs nu este momentan in stoc

Editura: Elsevier

Limba: Engleza

Nr. pagini: 878

Coperta: Hardcover

Dimensiuni: 19.3 x 5.08 x 24.89 cm

An aparitie: 13 Sept. 2019

 

Description:

This book is an outstanding attempt to standardize bedside neonatal respiratory care by the most researched authentic experts in the world. This involves more than sixty authors from the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Spain, Italy, Germany, India, UAE, and China. The latest in the arena of neonatal ventilation which holds future promise has been incorporated in this book. The experts take you through a real-time progression of bedside ventilation practices, with the focus on pulmonary and neurological morbidity. The e-book has links to videos of critical chapters and lecture PPTs to give the intensivist a 360-degree understanding of the complexities of neonatal ventilation.

First comprehensive bedside management book of a baby on assisted ventilation.

Latest evidence-based practices on noninvasive ventilation with protocols.

A bedside guide for neonatologists, fellows, residents, postgraduates, medical students, nurse practitioners, and respiratory therapists.

Management of assisted ventilation including high-frequency ventilation and NAVA.

Analysis and algorithmic approach to cardiac hemodynamics in respiratory distress.

Protocolized approaches to critical respiratory diseases of the newborn.

Ancillary services explained in detail like targeted ECHO, NIRS, and Graphics by experts.

Videos and lecture presentations by experts on SLI, CPAP, SNIPPV, NAVA, ECHO, and Graphics.

 

 

Table of Contents:

 

Section I: Introduction and History of Ventilation

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Evolution of Neonatal Ventilation a Retrospective View

Introduction

The development of neonatology

The birth of modern neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)

The birth of a new specialty: neonatology—the newborn medicine

The evolution of ventilator care of the newborn

Oxygen therapy

Usher regime

History of neonatal ventilation

Ross symposium on neonatal intensive care

Introduction of surfactant therapy in HMD/RDS

The modern neonatal ventilators

Summary

Section II: Lung Development and Interventions in the Prenatal and Perinatal Period

Chapter 3: Pathophysiology of Fetal Lung Development

Introduction

Embryology

Pulmonary vascular development

Transcription factors and growth factors in lung development

Maturation of pulmonary surfactant system

Intrauterine exposures and its effect on lung development

Physical factors: lung liquid and fetal breathing movements

Chapter 4: Transition in the Delivery Room: Current NRP Recommendations

Introduction

Physiologic changes in the fetal-to-neonatal transition

Transition in the delivery room

Current NRP recommendations

Chapter 5: Sustained Lung Inflation

Physiology of the respiratory transition after birth

Definition and rationale for sustained inflations

What literature says

Current recommendations

Unresolved issues about SI

Online Supplementary Material

Section III: Applied Physiology, and Ventilator Support: General Considerations

Chapter 6: Introduction to Lung Mechanics

Introduction

Overview of respiratory mechanics

Physical principles of respiratory mechanics

Mechanics of the respiratory pump

Elastic properties of the respiratory system

Resistive properties of the respiratory system

Respiratory mechanics in disease states

Chapter 7: Genesis of Lung Injury

Introduction

Old versus new BPD

Factors involved in pathogenesis of lung injury

Conclusions

Chapter 8: Hypoxic Respiratory Failure

Introduction

Pathophysiology of HRF

Etiology of HRF

Clinical features and assessment

Assessment of severity

Management

Chapter 9A: Comparison of Ventilators

Introduction

Discrepancy between values set on the ventilators and the measured ones

Ventilator mode classification

Commonly used ventilators and ventilator performance comparison

Summary of various factors in neonatal ventilators

High-frequency ventilators

Discussion and final comments

Chapter 9B: The Importance of Heating and Humidifying the Inspired Gases During Mechanical Ventilation: Identifying the Ideal Settings and Circuit Configuration During Ventilation

Normal gas conditioning in the respiratory tract

Suboptimal conditioning of inspired gases to the AW

Structure and function of the AW lining

Achieving the optimum heat and humidity

Ventilators/ventilation: types, modes, and circuitry

Types of heat and humidifiers

Achieving optimum humidity

Dos and Don'ts

Chapter 10: Ventilator Graphics

Introduction

Historical timeline

Role of ventilator waveforms

Ventilator graphic classification

Basic waveforms

Pressure waveform

Flow waveform

Volume waveform

Pulmonary mechanics and loops

Pressure–volume loop

Flow–volume loop

Patient ventilator dyssynchrony

Pulmonary mechanics and graphics

Role of pulmonary graphics in bedside ventilator management

Troubleshooting for ventilator graphics

Ventilator graphics in special situations

Limitations of ventilator graphics

Summary

Chapter 11A: Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Introduction

Indications for mechanical ventilation

Equipment

Goals of mechanical ventilation

Initiation of mechanical ventilation

Ventilation strategies and choosing the right mode

Chapter 11B: Deterioration on the Ventilator

Approach to deterioration on a ventilator

Chapter 12: Extubation

Introduction

Extubation strategy

Optimizing an extubation attempt

Patient groups

Complications of Ventilation

Chapter 13A: Complications of Mechanical Ventilation

Barotrauma

Volutrauma

Oxytrauma

Atelectotrauma

Biotrauma

Injury related to endotracheal tube

Asynchrony

Inappropriate warmidification

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Complications of mechanical ventilation in special situations

Chapter 13B: Pulmonary Air Leaks

Thoracic air leaks (Figs. 13B.1 and 13B.2)

Practice points

Acknowledgments

Chapter 13C: Pulmonary Edema and Pulmonary Hemorrhage

Clinical features and diagnosis

Remedial measures

Pulmonary hemorrhage

Clinical features and diagnosis

Remedial measures

Chapter 13D: Neonatal Necrotizing Tracheobronchitis

Pathogenesis

Clinical diagnosis

Investigations

Prevention

Treatment

Prognosis

Section IV: Bedside Application Principles of Assisted Ventilation Devices

Chapter 14: Various Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

Introduction

Conventional mechanical ventilation

Principal ventilation techniques

High-frequency ventilation

Importance of the “open lung strategy” (Fig. 14.5)

Clinical tips

Chapter 15A: Patient-Triggered Ventilation: Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV), Assist–Control, Pressure-Support Ventilation (PSV), Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA)

Introduction

Applied physiology of synchronized mechanical ventilation in the newborn

Effects of the different types of ventilation

Indications and contraindications

Protocol of use

Bedside application of the technology

Failure of technology

Weaning from technology

Complications from technology

Strategies in specific diseases and effects of its use

One case scenario

New directions including neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA)

Chapter 15B: Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) in Neonates

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist basics

How NAVA works

Outcomes of neonates on NAVA

Set up of NAVA

Management of neonates on NAVA

Contraindications for NAVA

Conclusion

Disclosure statement

Chapter 16: Volume-Targeted and Volume-Controlled Ventilation

Rationale for volume-targeted ventilation

Volume-controlled versus volume-targeted ventilation

How does VTV work?

Importance of the open lung strategy

Practical guidelines for VTV

Chapter 17: Noninvasive Ventilation and High-Flow Nasal Cannula

Noninvasive ventilation

NCPAP

NCPAP in the NICU

Biphasic CPAP in NICU: Si-PAP/ Bi-PAP/DuoPAP

Suggested guidelines for use of CPAP and Si-PAP

NIPPV

NIPPV in the NICU

NIV in the delivery room

Suggested guidelines for using NIPPV in the delivery room

Suggested guidelines for use of NIPPV

Noninvasive high-frequency ventilation (NIHFV)

Suggested settings during NHFV

NHFJV

NIV during transport

High-flow nasal cannula

HFNC versus CPAP

HFNC versus LFNC

Guidelines for using HFNC

Summary and future of NIV

Major limitations with NIPPV use in low and middle income countries

Case reports

Online supplementary material

Chapter 18A: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Respiratory Failure in Newborn Infants

Introduction

Historical overview

Physiological effects of CPAP

Indications for nasal CPAP therapy

Desirable features and major components of CPAP devices

Randomized trials comparing continuous positive airway pressure devices

Practical aspects of nasal CPAP application and strategies for success

Randomized clinical trials of nasal CPAP versus intubation and surfactant

CPAP in meconium aspiration syndrome

Experience with nasal CPAP at Columbia University

Summary

Appendix: video of nasal CPAP application at birth in a 480 g preterm infant with RDS

Chapter 18B: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in the Treatment of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

Introduction

Diagnosing meconium aspiration syndrome

Pathophysiology of meconium aspiration syndrome

Pulmonary mechanics of meconium aspiration syndrome

Role of CPAP in meconium aspiration syndrome

Summary

Chapter 19: Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation

Introduction

History

Mechanism(s) of action (Fig. 19.1)

Types of NIPPV—primary mode versus secondary mode

NIPPV versus BiPAP

NIPPV versus SNIPPV

Clinical use of NIPPV

NIPPV failures

Flow synchronization

Practical guidelines for the use of NIPPV

Real-life case scenarios

Online supplementary material

Chapter 20A: High Frequency Ventilation

Introduction

Brief history on HFOV

Physiology of HFOV

Clinical application of HFOV

High-frequency jet ventilation

Clinical cases

Chapter 20B: High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation Management Strategy

Introduction

Patient groups and indications

Initiation of HFOV

Adjusting settings during HFOV

Weaning from HFOV and extubation

Chapter 20C: High-Frequency Jet Ventilation: Guide to Patient Management

Chapter 21: Pulmonary Vasodilators in the Treatment of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn

Introduction

Regulation of vascular tone in pulmonary circulation

General management of PPHN

Use of surfactant therapy for PPHN

High frequency ventilation

Inhaled nitric oxide therapy

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors

Prostaglandins in PPHN

Phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitors

Endothelin receptor antagonist

Other vasodilators tested in PPHN

Conclusions

Chapter 22: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Refractory Respiratory Failure

Introduction

Indications

Contraindications

ECMO cannulation: venovenous or venoarterial? (Fig. 22.1)

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

ECMO circuit and components

Neurologic system

Neuromonitoring on ECMO

Sedation and analgesia

Respiratory support

Cardiovascular supports

Fluids, electrolytes, and nutrition

Infection

Anticoagulation

Hematologic issues

Weaning ECMO

Neonatal ECMO survival

Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes

CDH

Recommendations for long-term follow-up

Summary

Section V: Clinical Management

Chapter 23: Principles of Mechanical Ventilation and Strategies of Ventilatory Support in Neonatal Lung Disease

Introduction

Basics of conventional positive pressure ventilation

Ventilator management of common respiratory conditions in the neonate

Conclusion

Chapter 24: Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Surfactant Therapy

Introduction

Surfactant metabolism

Pathophysiology of RDS

Epidemiology of RDS

Prenatal diagnosis of RDS

Clinical features

Laboratory findings and diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

Management of RDS

Prenatal management

Delivery room management

Surfactant therapy: type, timing, technique for surfactant treatment

Types of surfactant

Indications of surfactant administration

European Consensus Guidelines for RDS management (2016 update) [89]

Timing of surfactant administration: prophylaxis versus rescue

Timing of surfactant administration: early versus delayed rescue/selective surfactant Rx

Timing of surfactant administration: beyond the first week of age

Techniques of surfactant administration: INSURE versus modified INSURE

Noninvasive surfactant treatment (NIST)

Combination therapies with surfactant

Surfactant as vehicle

Surfactant with nitric oxide

Recombinant club cell protein (rhCC-10)

Surfactant treatment for acute RDS (ARDS)

Oxygen supplementation beyond stabilization during RDS management

Caffeine therapy

Permissive hypercapnia

Postnatal steroids

Inhaled nitric oxide

Supportive management

Temperature control

Fluid management

Nutrition

Use of antibiotics

Cardiovascular management

Complications of RDS

Ventilator management of RDS

Mechanical ventilation strategies

Ventilatory management of complications of RDS

Summary and recommendations

Cases

Chapter 25A: Meconium Aspiration Syndrome— Part 1: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Signs and Symptoms, and Diagnosis

Introduction

Significance of MSAF

Epidemiology of MSAF

Pathophysiology of MSAF

Meconium aspiration

Pathophysiology of MAS

Clinical features

Differential diagnosis

Initial diagnostic tests

Chapter 25B: Meconium Aspiration Syndrome—Part 2: Clinical Management

Delivery room management

Respiratory support—recruitment phase

Respiratory support—stable phase

Respiratory support—weaning phase

Cardiovascular support

Bicarbonate infusion

Antibiotics

Chest physiotherapy

Pulmonary vasodilators

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Air leak syndromes

Cases

Chapter 26: Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN)

Introduction

Definition

Pathophysiology

Hemodynamic changes (Fig. 26.1)

Mechanism of PPHN

Etiology of PPHN

Clinical features

Severity of PPHN and HRF

Management

Inhaled nitric oxide

Other pulmonary vasodilators

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Asphyxia, hypothermia, and management of PPHN

Long-term outcome of PPHN

Conclusion

Chapter 27: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Definition

Incidence

Etiopathogenesis

Clinical course

Acute episodes of respiratory deterioration

Radiologic characteristics

Management

Summary of the pharmacological management of BPD

Complications

Pulmonary outcomes

Summary of treatment

Home therapy/follow-up management [142]

Mild BPD

Severe BPD

Chapter 28: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Pathophysiology

Antenatal diagnosis and monitoring

Postnatal presentation of CDH

Management

Follow-up of infants with CDH complications and morbidities

Future directions and therapies

Chapter 29: Care of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

Introduction

Prenatal management

Delivery room care of the ELBW neonate (Fig. 29.1)

Management of RDS

Management/prevention of nonrespiratory complications in ELBW infants

Outcomes of ELBW infants

Clinical cases

Section VI: Cardiac Issues in Neonatal Respiratory Care

Chapter 30A: Echocardiography and Hemodynamics

Cardiopulmonary interdependence

The impact of ventilation on the cardiovascular system

Cardiovascular assessment

Hemodynamic assessment in specific situations

Role of targeted neonatal echocardiography in guiding cardiorespiratory care

Online supplementary material

Chapter 30B: Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Introduction

Ductus arteriosus in the fetus

Pathophysiology of ductal closure after birth

Etiology of patency of the ductus arteriosus

Hemodynamic changes associated with PDA

Influence of PDA on neonatal respiratory care and management

Clinical features

Diagnosis and work-up

Classification of the PDA

Severity of the PDA (hemodynamically significant)

Management

Summary and conclusions

Chapter 30C: Cyanotic Heart Disease in a Neonate

Background information

Conclusions

Chapter 30D: Neonatal Arrhythmias

Abbreviations

Types of rhythm disturbances

Tachyarrhythmia: rhythm disturbances with fast heart rate

Important points for tachycardia

Premature beats and pauses

Important points about premature/ectopic beats

Bradyarrhythmia: rhythm disturbances with low heart rate

Others

Evaluation and management protocol

Management of arrhythmia in neonates

Management of Shock

Chapter 31A: Neonatal Shock Management

Introduction

Definition

Stages of shock

Types of shock

Shock pathophysiology

Enhanced hemodynamic assessments tools

Basic pharmacology

Summary and conclusion

Chapter 31B: Hypotension and Shock in Preterm Newborns

The unique characteristics of the neonatal cardiovascular system

Hemodynamic monitoring of preterm infants

Blood pressure and cerebral blood flow

Hypotension

Pathophysiology of hypotension

Shock

Shock without hypotension

Shock with hypotension

Key learning points

Chapter 31C: Hypotension and Poor Circulation in Neonates

Introduction

Hemodynamic assessment of the newborn

Clinical assessment

Blood pressure

Blood flow

Cardiovascular support therapies

Stepwise approach to cardiovascular support

Section VII: Ancillary Services

Chapter 32: Monitoring of Gas Exchange in the NICU

Physiology of gas exchange

Blood gas analysis

Common acid–base disturbances in the NICU

Sampling sites for blood gas analysis

Noninvasive monitoring of oxygenation—pulse oximetry

Noninvasive assessment of PaCO2

Near-infrared spectroscopy (Fig. 32.10)

Chapter 33: Nursing Care and Endotracheal Suction

Introduction

Neonatal history

Assessment of neonate

Selection and set up of equipment for respiratory support

Nursing care of the neonate and monitoring of equipment

Airway patency and suction

Chest physiotherapy

Monitoring for complications

General supportive care

Summary

Chapter 34: Neonatal Airway Management

Introduction

Airway pathology

Procedures

Online supplementary materials

Chapter 35: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Infection Control

Introduction

Magnitude and significance of VAP

Definition and diagnosis of VAP

Pathogenesis of VAP (Fig. 35.1)

VAP treatment and prevention

Health care-associated infection and central line-associated bloodstream infection

Audit and surveillance of VAP, CLABSI and HAI

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization in NICU

Implications for practice

Chapter 36: Nutrition in the Preterm Neonate Requiring Respiratory Support

Introduction

Nutritional goals

Fluids

Human milk fortification

Probiotics

Chapter 37A: Neonatal Procedures Involving Catheters and Tubes

Abbreviations

Introduction

Umbilical arterial catheters

Umbilical venous catheters

Peripherally inserted central catheters

Peripheral artery catheterization

Thoracocentesis and intercostal chest drain placement

Endotracheal intubation

Laryngeal mask airway (Fig. 37A.10)

Conclusions

Chapter 37B: Neonatal Limb Ischemia Due to Arterial Catheters

Introduction

Umbilical arterial catheterization

Peripheral arterial catheterization

Clinical presentation of limb ischemia associated with arterial catheters

Prevention

Management

Section VIII: General Issues

Chapter 38: Neonatal Developmental Follow-Up Program

Introduction

Programs, criteria, its objectives, and benefits

Recommended follow-up schedule

Calculation of the corrected age

The tools used in newborn to 12 months

Speech and language evaluation

Emotional and social behavior and adaptation

Other evaluation tools recommended for research purposes

Chapter 39: Management of Ethical Challenges in Neonatal Intensive Care

Common ethically challenging questions in the NICU

A framework for ethical analysis

Preventive ethics and advance planning

Brain death

Palliative care

Care after LST has been withheld, withdrawn, or limited

Communication skills and language in ethically challenging situations

Care after death

Chapter 40: Normal Reference Values

Hematological parameters

Biochemistry values

Coagulation parameters

Blood gas

CSF values

Urine

Blood pressure

Growth charts (Fenton for girls and boys)

Index

 


An aparitie 13 Sept. 2019
Autor Rajiv PK , Satyan Lakshminrusimha , Dharmapuri Vidyasagar MD MSc
Dimensiuni 19.3 x 5.08 x 24.89 cm
Editura Elsevier
Format Hardcover
ISBN 9788131249987
Limba Engleza
Nr pag 878

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